Deuteronomy 23
Commentary from 3 fathers
A man shall not take his father’s wife, and shall not uncover his father’s skirt.
ΟΥ λήψεται ἄνθρωπος τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἀποκαλύψει συγκάλυμμα τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ.
Да не вхо́дитъ ка́женикъ и҆ скопе́цъ въ со́нмъ гдⷭ҇ень.
He that is fractured or mutilated in his private parts shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord.
Οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται θλαδίας οὐδὲ ἀποκεκομμένος εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Κυρίου.
Нижѐ да вни́детъ блꙋдоро́дный во хра́мъ гдⷭ҇ень до десѧ́тагѡ ро́да.
[One born] of a harlot shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord.
οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται ἐκ πόρνης εἰς ἐκκλησίαν Κυρίου.
Да не вни́детъ а҆ммані́тинъ и҆ мѡаві́тинъ въ хра́мъ гдⷭ҇ень: и҆ да́же до десѧ́тагѡ ро́да да не вхо́дитъ въ хра́мъ гдⷭ҇ень, и҆ да́же до вѣ́ка,
The Ammanite and Moabite shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord, even until the tenth generation he shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord, even for ever:
οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται ᾿Αμμανίτης καὶ Μωαβίτης εἰς ἐκκλησίαν Κυρίου· καὶ ἕως δεκάτης γενεᾶς οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Κυρίου καὶ ἕως εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα,
поне́же не срѣто́ша ѻ҆нѝ ва́съ съ хлѣ̑бы и҆ водо́ю на пꙋтѝ, и҆сходѧ́щымъ ва́мъ и҆з̾ землѝ є҆гѵ́петскїѧ, и҆ ꙗ҆́кѡ наѧ́ша на тѧ̀ валаа́ма сы́на веѡ́рова ѿ месопота́мїи, да тѧ̀ проклене́тъ:
because they met you not with bread and water by the way, when ye went out of Egypt; and because they hired against thee Balaam the son of Beor of Mesopotamia to curse thee.
παρὰ τὸ μὴ συναντῆσαι αὐτοὺς ὑμῖν μετὰ ἄρτων καὶ ὕδατος ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ἐκπορευομένων ὑμῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, καὶ ὅτι ἐμισθώσαντο ἐπὶ σὲ τὸν Βαλαὰμ υἱὸν Βεὼρ ἐκ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας καταρᾶσθαί σε·
и҆ не восхотѣ̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й послꙋ́шати валаа́ма, и҆ ѡ҆братѝ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й клѧ̑твы въ блгⷭ҇ве́нїе, занѐ возлюби́ тѧ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й:
But the Lord thy God would not hearken to Balaam; and the Lord thy God changed the curses into blessings, because the Lord thy God loved thee.
καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου εἰσακοῦσαι τοῦ Βαλαάμ, καὶ μετέστρεψε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου τὰς κατάρας εἰς εὐλογίαν, ὅτι ἠγάπησέ σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου.
да не совѣща́еши ми̑рнаѧ и҆̀мъ и҆ полє́знаѧ и҆̀мъ во всѧ̑ дни̑ твоѧ̑ во вѣ́ки.
Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite, because he is thy brother; thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, because thou wast a stranger in his land.
οὐ βδελύξῃ ᾿Ιδουμαῖον, ὅτι ἀδελφός σού ἐστιν· οὐ βδελύξῃ Αἰγύπτιον, ὅτι πάροικος ἐγένου ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτοῦ·
сы́нове а҆́ще родѧ́тсѧ и҆̀мъ, въ ро́дѣ тре́тїемъ да вни́дꙋтъ въ хра́мъ гдⷭ҇ень.
If sons be born to them, in the third generation they shall enter into the assembly of the Lord.
υἱοὶ ἐὰν γεννηθῶσιν αὐτοῖς, γενεᾷ τρίτῃ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς ἐκκλησίαν Κυρίου.
А҆́ще же и҆зы́деши ѡ҆полчи́тисѧ на врагѝ твоѧ̑, и҆ да сохрани́шисѧ ѿ всѧ́кагѡ сло́ва ѕла̀.
And if thou shouldest go forth to engage with thine enemies, then thou shalt keep thee from every wicked thing.
᾿Εὰν δὲ ἐξέλθῃς παρεμβαλεῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, καὶ φυλάξῃ ἀπὸ παντὸς ῥήματος πονηροῦ.
А҆́ще бꙋ́детъ ᲂу҆ тебє̀ человѣ́къ, и҆́же не бꙋ́детъ чи́стъ ѿ и҆злїѧ́нїѧ є҆гѡ̀ но́щїю, и҆ да и҆зы́детъ внѣ̀ полка̀, и҆ да не вни́детъ въ по́лкъ:
If there should be in thee a man who is not clean by reason of his issue by night, then he shall go forth out of the camp, and he shall not enter into the camp.
ἐὰν ᾖ ἐν σοὶ ἄνθρωπος, ὃς οὐκ ἔσται καθαρὸς ἐκ ρύσεωςαὐτοῦ νυκτός, καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς καὶ οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν·
и҆ є҆гда̀ бꙋ́детъ къ ве́черꙋ, да ѡ҆мы́етъ тѣ́ло своѐ водо́ю, и҆ заше́дшꙋ со́лнцꙋ да вни́детъ въ по́лкъ.
And it shall come to pass toward evening he shall wash his body with water, and when the sun has gone down, he shall go into the camp.
καὶ ἔσται τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι καὶ δεδυκότος ἡλίου εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν.
И҆ мѣ́сто тебѣ̀ да бꙋ́детъ внѣ̀ полка̀, и҆ и҆зы́деши та́мѡ во́нъ:
And thou shalt have a place outside of the camp, and thou shalt go out thither,
καὶ τόπος ἔσται σοι ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς, καὶ ἐξελεύσῃ ἐκεῖ ἔξω·
и҆ ры́лецъ да бꙋ́детъ тебѣ̀ за по́ѧсомъ твои́мъ, и҆ бꙋ́детъ є҆гда̀ сѧ́деши внѣ̀, и҆ да и҆скопа́еши и҆́мъ (ꙗ҆́мꙋ), и҆ наврати́въ покры́еши стыдѣ́нїе твоѐ въ не́й:
and thou shalt have a trowel on thy girdle; and it shall come to pass when thou wouldest relieve thyself abroad, that thou shalt dig with it, and shalt bring back the earth and cover thy nuisance.
καὶ πάσσαλος ἔσται σοι ἐπὶ τῆς ζώνης σου, καὶ ἔσται ὅταν διακαθιζάνῃς ἔξω, καὶ ὀρύξεις ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπαγαγὼν καλύψεις τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην σου ἐν αὐτῷ·
ꙗ҆́кѡ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й хо́дитъ въ полцѣ̀ твое́мъ и҆збавлѧ́ти тѧ̀ и҆ преда́ти врагѝ твоѧ̑ въ рꙋ́цѣ твоѝ пред̾ лице́мъ твои́мъ: и҆ да бꙋ́детъ по́лкъ тво́й свѧ́тъ, и҆ да не ꙗ҆ви́тсѧ ᲂу҆ тебє̀ стыдѣ́нїе ве́щи, и҆ ѿврати́тсѧ ѿ тебє̀.
Because the Lord thy God walks in thy camp to deliver thee, and to give up thine enemy before thy face; and thy camp shall be holy, and there shall not appear in thee a disgraceful thing and [so] he shall turn away from thee.
ὅτι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἐμπεριπατεῖ ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ σου ἐξελέσθαι σε καὶ παραδοῦναι τὸν ἐχθρόν σου πρὸ προσώπου σου, καὶ ἔσται ἡ παρεμβολή σου ἁγία, καὶ οὐκ ὀφθήσεται ἐν σοὶ ἀσχημοσύνη πράγματος καὶ ἀποστρέψει ἀπὸ σοῦ.
Да не преда́си раба̀ господи́нꙋ є҆гѡ̀, и҆́же прїи́де къ тебѣ̀ ѿ господи́на своегѡ̀:
Thou shalt not deliver a servant to his master, who [coming] from his master attaches himself to thee.
Οὐ παραδώσεις παῖδα τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτοῦ, ὃς προστέθειταί σοι παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ·
съ тобо́ю да ѡ҆бита́етъ, съ ва́ми да живе́тъ во всѧ́комъ мѣ́стѣ, и҆дѣ́же ᲂу҆го́дно бꙋ́детъ є҆мꙋ̀: да не ѡ҆скорби́ши є҆гѡ̀.
He shall dwell with thee, he shall dwell among you where he shall please; thou shalt not afflict him.
μετὰ σοῦ κατοικήσει, ἐν ὑμῖν κατοικήσει οὗ ἂν ἀρέσῃ αὐτῷ, οὐ θλίψεις αὐτόν.
Да не бꙋ́детъ блꙋдни́ца ѿ дще́рей і҆и҃левыхъ, и҆ да не бꙋ́детъ блꙋдни́къ ѿ сынѡ́въ і҆зраи҃левыхъ.
There shall not be a harlot of the daughters of Israel, and there shall not be a fornicator of the sons of Israel; there shall not be an idolatress of the daughters of Israel, and there shall not be an initiated person of the sons of Israel.
Οὐκ ἔσται πόρνη ἀπὸ θυγατέρων ᾿Ισραήλ, καὶ οὐκ ἔσταιπορνεύων ἀπὸ υἱῶν ᾿Ισραήλ· οὐκ ἔσται τελεσφόρος ἀπὸ θυγατέρων ᾿Ισραήλ, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται τελεισκόμενος ἀπὸ υἱῶν ᾿Ισραήλ.
Да не принесе́ши мзды̀ блꙋдни́чи, нижѐ цѣны̀ пе́сїи въ до́мъ гдⷭ҇а бг҃а твоегѡ̀ на всѧ́къ ѡ҆бѣ́тъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ ме́рзость сꙋ́ть гдⷭ҇еви бг҃ꙋ твоемꙋ̀ и҆ ѻ҆боѧ̀.
Thou shalt not bring the hire of a harlot, nor the price of a dog into the house of the Lord thy God, for any vow; because even both are an abomination to the Lord thy God.
οὐ προσοίσεις μίσθωμα πόρνης οὐδὲ ἄλλαγμα κυνὸς εἰς τὸν οἶκον Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου πρὸς πᾶσαν εὐχήν, ὅτι βδέλυγμα Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σού ἐστι καὶ ἀμφότερα.
Да не да́си бра́тꙋ твоемꙋ̀ въ ли́хвꙋ сребра̀ и҆ въ ли́хвꙋ пи́щей и҆ въ ли́хвꙋ всѧ́кїѧ ве́щи, є҆мꙋ́же а҆́ще взаи́мъ да́си:
[Scripture] orders money to be returned without usury. It is a mark of kindly feeling to help one who has nothing. It is a sign of a hard nature to extort more than one has given. If one has need of your assistance because he has not enough of his own wherewith to repay a debt, is it not a wicked thing to demand under the guise of kindly feeling a larger sum from him who has not the means to pay off a lesser amount?
On the Duties of the Clergy 3.3.20
Thou shalt not lend to thy brother on usury of silver, or usury of meat, or usury of any thing which thou mayest lend out.
Οὐκ ἐκτοκιεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου τόκον ἀργυρίου καὶ τόκον βρωμάτων καὶ τόκον παντὸς πράγματος, οὗ ἐὰν ἐκδανείσῃς.
чꙋжде́мꙋ да да́си въ ли́хвꙋ, бра́тꙋ же твоемꙋ̀ да не да́си въ ли́хвꙋ, да блгⷭ҇ви́тъ тѧ̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й во всѣ́хъ дѣ́лѣхъ твои́хъ на землѝ, въ ню́же вхо́диши та́мѡ наслѣ́дити ю҆̀.
Thou mayest lend on usury to a stranger, but to thy brother thou shalt not lend on usury; that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all thy works upon the land, into which thou art entering to inherit it.
τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ ἐκτοκιεῖς, τῷ δὲ ἀδελφῷ σου οὐκ ἐκτοκιεῖς, ἵνα εὐλογήσῃ σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις σου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν.
А҆́ще же ѡ҆бѣща́еши ѡ҆бѣ́тъ гдⷭ҇еви бг҃ꙋ твоемꙋ̀, да не ᲂу҆ме́длиши возда́ти є҆го̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ взыска́ѧ взы́щетъ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й ѿ тебє̀, и҆ бꙋ́детъ на тебѣ̀ грѣ́хъ:
A wish is a request for blessings from God with a promise to fulfill a duty. And so, when you obtain what you have asked for, it is ungrateful to delay the promise.
On Cain and Abel
And if thou wilt vow a vow to the Lord thy God, thou shalt not delay to pay it; for the Lord thy God will surely require it of thee, and [otherwise] it shall be sin in thee.
᾿Εὰν δὲ εὔξῃ εὐχὴν Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σου, οὐ χρονιεῖς ἀποδοῦναι αὐτήν, ὅτι ἐκζητῶν ἐκζητήσει Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου παρὰ σοῦ, καὶ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ ἁμαρτία·
а҆́ще же не восхо́щеши ѡ҆бѣща́ти, нѣ́сть тѝ грѣха̀.
But if thou shouldest be unwilling to vow, it is not sin in thee.
ἐὰν δὲ μὴ θέλῃς εὔξασθαι, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἁμαρτία.
И҆сходѧ̑щаѧ на у҆́стъ твои́хъ сохранѝ и҆ сотворѝ, и҆́мже ѡ҆́бразомъ ѡ҆бѣща́лъ є҆сѝ гдⷭ҇еви бг҃ꙋ твоемꙋ̀ да́ръ, є҆го́же глаго́лалъ є҆сѝ ᲂу҆ста́ми твои́ми.
Thou shalt observe the words that proceed from between thy lips; and as thou hast vowed a gift to the Lord God, [so] shalt thou do that which thou hast spoken with thy mouth.
τὰ ἐκπορευόμενα διὰ τῶν χειλέων σου φυλάξῃ καὶ ποιήσεις ὃν τρόπον ηὔξω Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ σου δόμα, ὃ ἐλάλησας τῷ στόματί σου.
А҆́ще же вни́деши на ни́вꙋ бли́жнѧгѡ своегѡ̀, и҆ собере́ши въ рꙋ́цѣ своѝ кла́сы, а҆ серпа̀ да не возложи́ши на ни́вꙋ бли́жнѧгѡ.
Let all the servants of God grant [the monks] permission to enter their fields whenever they wish and to depart when well fed and satisfied. This is according to the law given to the people of Israel that no one should arrest a thief in his fields unless he wished to take something away with him. Rather, the owner of the field should permit him who had touched nothing but what he had eaten to depart free and unpunished.
On the Work of Monks 23.28
And if thou shouldest go into the vineyard of thy neighbour, thou shalt eat grapes sufficient to satisfy thy desire; but thou mayest not put them into a vessel.
᾿Εὰν δὲ εἰσέλθῃς εἰς ἀμητὸν τοῦ πλησίον σου, καὶ συλλέξῃς ἐν ταῖς χερσί σου στάχυς καὶ δρέπανον οὐ μὴ ἐπιβάλῃς ἐπ᾿ ἀμητὸν τοῦ πλησίον σου.
А҆́ще же вни́деши въ вїногра́дъ бли́жнѧгѡ своегѡ̀, да ꙗ҆́си гро́здїе, є҆ли́кѡ дꙋшѝ твое́й насы́титисѧ, въ сосꙋ́дъ же да не вложи́ши.
And if thou shouldest go into the corn field of thy neighbour, then thou mayest gather the ears with thy hands; but thou shalt not put the sickle to thy neighbour’s corn.
ἐὰν δὲ εἰσέλθῃς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα τοῦ πλησίον σου, φαγῇ σταφυλὴν ὅσον ψυχήν σου ἐμπλησθῆναι, εἰς δὲ ἄγγος οὐκ ἐμβαλεῖς.
Thou shalt not speak peaceably or profitably to them all thy days for ever.
οὐ προσαγορεύσεις εἰρηνικὰ αὐτοῖς καὶ συμφέροντα αὐτοῖς πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας σου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
Да не возгнꙋша́ешисѧ і҆дꙋме́аниномъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ бра́тъ тво́й є҆́сть: да не возгнꙋша́ешисѧ є҆гѵ́птѧниномъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ пришле́цъ бы́лъ є҆сѝ въ землѝ є҆гѡ̀: