Deuteronomy 24

Commentary from 3 fathers

1

And if any one should take a wife, and should dwell with her, then it shall come to pass if she should not have found favour before him, because he has found some unbecoming thing in her, that he shall write for her a bill of divorcement, and give it into her hands, and he shall send her away out of his house.

ΕΑΝ δέ τις λάβῃ γυναῖκα καὶ συνοικήσῃ αὐτῇ, καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν μὴ εὕρῃ χάριν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ, ὅτι εὗρεν ἐν αὐτῇ ἄσχημον πρᾶγμα, καὶ γράψει αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου καὶ δώσει εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς καὶ ἐξαποστελεῖ αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ,

А҆́ще же кто̀ по́йметъ женꙋ̀ и҆ поживе́тъ съ не́ю, и҆ бꙋ́детъ а҆́ще не ѡ҆брѧ́щетъ благода́ти пред̾ ни́мъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ ѡ҆брѣ́те въ не́й сра́мное дѣ́ло, да напи́шетъ є҆́й кни́гꙋ ѿпꙋще́нїѧ и҆ вда́стъ въ рꙋ́цѣ є҆ѧ̀, и҆ да ѿпꙋ́ститъ ю҆̀ и҆з̾ до́мꙋ своегѡ̀,

2

And [if] she should go away and be married to another man;

καὶ ἀπελθοῦσα γένηται ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ,

и҆ ѿше́дши бꙋ́детъ (жена̀) мꙋ́жꙋ и҆но́мꙋ:

3

and the last husband should hate her, and write for her a bill of divorcement; and should give it into her hands, and send her away out of his house, and the last husband should die, who took her to himself for a wife;

καὶ μισήσῃ αὐτὴν ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἔσχατος καὶ γράψει αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου καὶ δώσει εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς καὶ ἐξαποστελεῖ αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ, ἢ ἀποθάνῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἔσχατος, ὃς ἔλαβεν αὐτὴν ἑαυτῷ γυναῖκα,

и҆ а҆́ще возненави́дитъ ю҆̀ мꙋ́жъ вторы́й, и҆ напи́шетъ є҆́й кни́гꙋ ѿпꙋще́нїѧ и҆ да́стъ є҆́й въ рꙋ́цѣ є҆ѧ̀, и҆ ѿпꙋ́ститъ ю҆̀ и҆з̾ до́мꙋ своегѡ̀, и҆лѝ ᲂу҆́мретъ мꙋ́жъ є҆ѧ̀ вторы́й, и҆́же бѣ̀ ю҆̀ поѧ́лъ себѣ̀ въ женꙋ̀:

4

the former husband who sent her away shall not be able to return and take her to himself for a wife, after she has been defiled; because it is an abomination before the Lord thy God, and ye shall not defile the land, which the Lord thy God gives thee to inherit.

οὐ δυνήσεται ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ πρότερος ὁ ἐξαποστείλας αὐτὴν ἐπαναστρέψας λαβεῖν αὐτὴν ἑαυτῷ γυναῖκα, μετὰ τὸ μιανθῆναι αὐτήν, ὅτι βδέλυγμά ἐστιν ἐναντίον Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου· καὶ οὐ μιανεῖτε τὴν γῆν, ἣν Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι ἐν κλήρω.

не возмо́жетъ мꙋ́жъ пе́рвый, ѿпꙋсти́вый ю҆̀, возврати́въ поѧ́ти ю҆̀ себѣ̀ въ женꙋ̀, по ѡ҆скверне́нїи є҆ѧ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ гнꙋ́сно є҆́сть пред̾ гдⷭ҇емъ бг҃омъ твои́мъ: и҆ да не ѡ҆скверна́вите землѝ, ю҆́же гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ дае́тъ ва́мъ въ наслѣ́дїе.

5

And if any one should have recently taken a wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall any thing be laid upon him; he shall be free in his house; for one year he shall cheer his wife whom he has taken.

᾿Εὰν δέ τις λάβῃ γυναῖκα προσφάτως, οὐκ ἐξελεύσεται εἰς πόλεμον, καὶ οὐκ ἐπιβληθήσεται αὐτῷ οὐδὲν πρᾶγμα· ἀθῷος ἔσται ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕνα, εὐφρανεῖ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἔλαβεν.

А҆́ще же кто̀ по́йметъ женꙋ̀ вно́вѣ, да не и҆́детъ на бра́нь, и҆ да не наложи́тсѧ є҆мꙋ̀ ника́ѧже ве́щь: непови́ненъ бꙋ́детъ въ домꙋ̀ свое́мъ лѣ́то є҆ди́но, да весели́тъ женꙋ̀ свою̀, ю҆́же поѧ́лъ є҆́сть.

6

Thou shalt not take for a pledge the under millstone, nor the upper millstone; for he who does so takes life for a pledge.

Οὐκ ἐνεχυράσεις μύλον, οὐδὲ ἐπιμύλιον, ὅτι ψυχὴν οὗτος ἐνεχυράζει.

Да не во́змеши въ зало́гъ жерно́вныхъ ка́меней, ꙗ҆́кѡ дꙋ́шꙋ се́й дае́тъ въ зало́гъ.

7

And if a man should be caught stealing one of his brethren of the children of Israel, and having overcome him he should sell him, that thief shall die; so shalt thou remove that evil one from yourselves.

᾿Εὰν δὲ ἁλῷ ἄνθρωπος κλέπτων ψυχὴν ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ τῶν υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ καταδυναστεύσας αὐτὸν ἀποδῶται, ἀποθανεῖται ὁ κλέπτης ἐκεῖνος· καὶ ἐξαρεῖς τὸν πονηρὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν.

А҆́ще же ꙗ҆́тъ бꙋ́детъ человѣ́къ крады́й дꙋ́шꙋ ѿ бра́тїи своеѧ̀ сынѡ́въ і҆и҃левыхъ, и҆ наси́лїемъ продае́тъ ю҆̀, да ᲂу҆́мретъ та́ть то́й, и҆ и҆зми́те ѕло́е ѿ ва́съ сами́хъ.

8

Take heed to thyself in [regard of] the plague of leprosy: thou shalt take great heed to do according to all the law, which the priests the Levites shall report to you; take heed to do, as I have charged you.

Πρόσεχε σαυτῷ ἐν τῇ ἁφῇ τῆς λέπρας· φυλάξῃ σφόδρα ποιεῖν κατὰ πάντα τὸν νόμον, ὃν ἂν ἀναγγείλωσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ Λευῖται· ὃν τρόπον ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν, φυλάξασθε ποιεῖν.

Внемлѝ себѣ̀ въ ꙗ҆́звѣ прока́зы, и҆ хранѝ ѕѣлѡ̀ твори́ти по всемꙋ̀ зако́нꙋ, є҆го́же возвѣстѧ́тъ ва́мъ жерцы̀ леѵі́ти: ꙗ҆́коже заповѣ́дахъ ва́мъ, да храни́те твори́ти:

9

Remember all that the Lord thy God did to Mariam in the way, when ye were going out of Egypt.

μνήσθητι ὅσα ἐποίησε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου τῇ Μαριὰμ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ἐκπορευομένων ὑμῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου.

помѧнѝ, є҆ли̑ка сотворѝ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й марїа́мѣ на пꙋтѝ, и҆сходѧ́щымъ ва́мъ и҆з̾ є҆гѵ́пта.

10

If thy neighbour owe thee a debt, any debt whatsoever, thou shalt not go into his house to take his pledge:

᾿Εὰν ὀφείλημα ᾖ ἐν τῷ πλησίον σου, ὀφείλημα ὁτιοῦν, οὐκ εἰσελεύσῃ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ ἐνεχυράσαι τὸ ἐνέχυρον αὐτοῦ·

А҆́ще же до́лгъ є҆́сть на бли́жнемъ твое́мъ, до́лгъ каковы́й ли́бо, да не вни́деши въ до́мъ є҆гѡ̀ взѧ́ти зало́гъ є҆гѡ̀:

11

thou shalt stand without, and the man who is in thy debt shall bring the pledge out to thee.

ἔξω στήσῃ, καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗ τὸδάνειόν σού ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ, ἐξοίσει σοι τὸ ἐνέχυρον ἔξω.

внѣ̀ ста́неши, и҆ человѣ́къ то́й, на не́мже є҆́сть до́лгъ тво́й, и҆знесе́тъ зало́гъ во́нъ.

12

And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge.

ἐὰν δὲ ὁ ἄνθρωπος πένηται, οὐ κοιμηθήσῃ ἐν τῷ ἐνεχύρῳ αὐτοῦ·

А҆́ще же человѣ́къ ᲂу҆бо́гъ є҆́сть, да не преноществꙋ́етъ зало́гъ є҆гѡ̀ ᲂу҆ тебє̀:

13

Thou shalt surely restore his pledge at sunset, and he shall sleep in his garment, and he shall bless thee; and it shall be mercy to thee before the Lord thy God.

ἀποδόσει ἀποδώσεις τὸ ἐνέχυρον αὐτοῦ πρὸς δυσμὰς ἡλίου, καὶ κοιμηθήσεται ἐν τῷ ἱματίῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ εὐλογήσει σε, καὶ ἔσται σοι ἐλεημοσύνη ἐναντίον Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου.

ѿда́нїемъ да ѿда́си ри́зꙋ є҆гѡ̀ до захожде́нїѧ со́лнца, и҆ да почі́етъ въ ри́зѣ свое́й, и҆ благослови́тъ тѧ̀, и҆ бꙋ́детъ тебѣ̀ млⷭ҇ть пред̾ гдⷭ҇емъ бг҃омъ твои́мъ.

14

Thou shalt not unjustly withhold the wages of the poor and needy of thy brethren, or of the strangers who are in thy cities.

Οὐκ ἀπαδικήσεις μισθὸν πένητος καὶ ἐνδεοῦς ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου ἢ ἐκ τῶν προσηλύτων τῶν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσί σου·

Да не лиши́ши мзды̀ ᲂу҆бо́гаго и҆ тре́бꙋющаго ѿ бра́тїи твоеѧ̀, и҆лѝ ѿ пришлє́цъ и҆̀же во градѣ́хъ твои́хъ:

15

Thou shalt pay him his wages the same day, the sun shall not go down upon it, because he is poor and he trusts in it; and he shall cry against thee to the Lord, and it shall be sin in thee.

αὐθημερὸν ἀποδώσεις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἐπιδύσεται ὁ ἥλιος ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ, ὅτι πένης ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἔχει τὴν ἐλπίδα· καὶ καταβοήσεται κατὰ σοῦ πρὸς Κύριον, καὶ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ ἁμαρτία.

въ то́й же де́нь да ѿда́си мздꙋ̀ є҆мꙋ̀, да не за́йдетъ со́лнце є҆мꙋ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ ᲂу҆бо́гъ є҆́сть, и҆ въ то́мъ и҆́мать наде́ждꙋ, и҆ да не возопїе́тъ на тѧ̀ къ гдⷭ҇еви, и҆ бꙋ́детъ тебѣ̀ грѣ́хъ.

16

The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, and the sons shall not be put to death for the fathers; every one shall be put to death for his own sin.

Οὐκ ἀποθανοῦνται πατέρες ὑπὲρ τέκνων, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ οὐκ ἀποθανοῦνται ὑπὲρ πατέρων· ἕκαστος ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀποθανεῖται.

Да не ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ ѻ҆тцы̀ за сы́ны, и҆ сы́нове да не ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ за ѻ҆тцы̀: кі́йждо за сво́й грѣ́хъ да ᲂу҆́мретъ.

17

Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of the stranger and the fatherless, and widow; thou shalt not take the widow’s garment for a pledge.

Οὐκ ἐκκλινεῖς κρίσιν προσηλύτου καὶ ὀρφανοῦ καὶ χήρας, οὐκ ἐνεχυράσεις ἱμάτιον χήρας·

Не ᲂу҆клони́ши сꙋда̀ прише́льцꙋ и҆ си́рꙋ и҆ вдовѣ̀, и҆ да не взе́млеши въ зало́гъ ри́зы вдови́чи,

18

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the Lord thy God redeemed thee from thence; therefore I charge thee to do this thing.

καὶ μνησθήσῃ ὅτι οἰκέτης ἦσθα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ ἐλυτρώσατό σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἐκεῖθεν· διὰ τοῦτο ἐγώ σοι ἐντέλλομαι ποιεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο.

и҆ помѧне́ши, ꙗ҆́кѡ ра́бъ (и҆ ты̀) бы́лъ є҆сѝ въ землѝ є҆гѵ́петстѣй, и҆ свободи́ тѧ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й ѿтꙋ́дꙋ: сегѡ̀ ра́ди а҆́зъ тебѣ̀ заповѣ́даю твори́ти сїѐ сло́во.

19

And when thou shalt have reaped corn in thy field, and shalt have forgotten a sheaf in thy field, thou shalt not return to take it; it shall be for the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow, that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the works of thy hands.

᾿Εὰν δὲ ἀμήσῃς ἀμητὸν ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ σου καὶ ἐπιλάθῃ δράγμα ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ σου, οὐκ ἀναστραφήσῃ λαβεῖν αὐτό· τῷ προσηλύτῳ καὶ τῷ ὀρφανῷ καὶ τῇ χήρᾳ ἔσται, ἵνα εὐλογήσῃ σε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν σου.

А҆́ще же по́жнеши ни́вꙋ твою̀ на селѣ̀ твое́мъ, и҆ забꙋ́деши сно́пъ на ни́вѣ твое́й, да не возврати́шисѧ взѧ́ти є҆го̀: прише́льцꙋ и҆ ᲂу҆бо́гꙋ, и҆ си́рꙋ и҆ вдовѣ̀ да бꙋ́детъ, да блгⷭ҇ви́тъ тѧ̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й во всѣ́хъ дѣ́лѣхъ рꙋкꙋ̀ твоє́ю.

20

And if thou shouldest gather thine olives, thou shalt not return to collect the remainder; it shall be for the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, and thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt; therefore I command thee to do this thing.

ἐὰν δὲ ἐλαιολογῇς, οὐκ ἐπαναστρέψεις καλαμήσασθαι τὰ ὀπίσω σου· τῷ προσηλύτῳ καὶ τῷ ὀρφανῷ καὶ τῇ χήρᾳ ἔσται καὶ μνησθήσῃ ὅτι οἰκέτης ἦσθα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, διὰ τοῦτο ἐγώ σοι ἐντέλλομαι ποιεῖν τὸ ρῆμα τοῦτο.

А҆́ще же ма́сличїе собира́еши, да не возврати́шисѧ ѡ҆ста́нкѡвъ собра́ти ꙗ҆̀же за тобо́ю: прише́льцꙋ и҆ си́рꙋ и҆ вдовѣ̀ да бꙋ́дꙋтъ: и҆ воспомѧне́ши, ꙗ҆́кѡ ра́бъ бы́лъ є҆сѝ въ землѝ є҆гѵ́петстѣй: сегѡ̀ ра́ди а҆́зъ тебѣ̀ заповѣ́даю твори́ти сло́во сїѐ.

21

And whensoever thou shalt gather the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean what thou hast left; it shall be for the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow:

ἐὰν δὲ τρυγήσῃς τὸν ἀμπελῶνά σου, οὐκ ἐπανατρυγήσεις αὐτὸν τὰ ὀπίσω σου· τῷ προσηλύτῳ καὶ τῷ ὀρφανῷ καὶ τῇ χήρᾳ ἔσται·

А҆́ще же ѡ҆бира́еши вїногра́дъ тво́й, да не собира́еши ѡ҆ста́нкѡвъ ꙗ҆̀же за тобо́ю: прише́льцꙋ и҆ си́рꙋ и҆ вдовѣ̀ да бꙋ́дꙋтъ:

22

and thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt; therefore I command thee to do this thing.

καὶ μνησθήσῃ ὅτι οἰκέτης ἦσθα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, διὰ τοῦτο ἐγώ σοι ἐντέλλομαι ποιεῖν τὸ ρῆμα τοῦτο.

и҆ помѧне́ши, ꙗ҆́кѡ ра́бъ бы́лъ є҆сѝ въ землѝ є҆гѵ́петстѣй: сегѡ̀ ра́ди а҆́зъ тебѣ̀ заповѣ́даю твори́ти сїѐ сло́во.