Deuteronomy 21

Commentary from 5 fathers

1

And if one be found slain with the sword in the land, which the Lord thy God gives thee to inherit, having fallen in the field, and they do not know who has smitten [him];

ΕΑΝ δὲ εὑρεθῇ τραυματίας ἐν τῇ γῇ, ᾗ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι κληρονομῆσαι, πεπτωκὼς ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ καὶ οὐκ οἴδασι τὸν πατάξαντα,

А҆́ще же ѡ҆брѧ́щетсѧ ᲂу҆бїе́ный на землѝ, ю҆́же гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ дае́тъ тебѣ̀ наслѣ́дити, лежа́щь на по́ли, и҆ не вѣ́дѧтъ ᲂу҆би́вшагѡ и҆̀:

2

thine elders and thy judges shall come forth, and shall measure the distances of the cities round about the slain man:

ἐξελεύσεται ἡ γερουσία σου καὶ οἱ κριταί σου καὶ ἐκμετρήσουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰς κύκλῳ τοῦ τραυματίου,

да и҆зы́дꙋтъ ста́рцы и҆ сꙋдїи̑ твоѝ и҆ да и҆змѣ́рѧтъ до градѡ́въ, и҆̀же ѡ҆́крестъ ᲂу҆бїе́нагѡ:

3

and it shall be that the city which is nearest to the slain man the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which has not laboured, and which has not borne a yoke.

καὶ ἔσται ἡ πόλις ἡ ἐγγίζουσα τῷ τραυματίᾳ καὶ λήψεται ἡ γερουσία τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης δάμαλιν ἐκ βοῶν, ἥτις οὐκ εἴργασται, καὶ ἥτις οὐχ εἵλκυσε ζυγόν,

и҆ бꙋ́детъ гра́дъ приближа́ѧйсѧ ᲂу҆бїе́номꙋ, и҆ да во́змꙋтъ старѣ̑йшины гра́да тогѡ̀ ю҆́ницꙋ ѿ говѧ́дъ, є҆́юже не дѣ́лано, и҆ ꙗ҆́же ꙗ҆рма̀ не понесѐ:

4

And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer into a rough valley, which has not been tilled and is not sown, and they shall slay the heifer in the valley.

καὶ καταβιβάσουσιν ἡ γερουσία τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης δάμαλιν εἰς φάραγγα τραχεῖαν, ἥτις οὐκ εἴργασται οὐδὲ σπείρεται, καὶ νευροκοπήσουσι τὴν δάμαλιν ἐν τῇ φάραγγι.

и҆ да и҆зведꙋ́тъ старѣ̑йшины гра́да тогѡ̀ ю҆́ницꙋ въ де́брь сꙋ́хꙋ, ꙗ҆́же не ѡ҆ра́нна, нижѐ насѣ́ѧна, и҆ да пресѣкꙋ́тъ жи̑лы ю҆́ницы въ де́бри:

5

And the priests the Levites shall come, because the Lord God has chosen them to stand by him, and to bless in his name, and by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be [decided].

καὶ προσελεύσονται οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ Λευῖται, ὅτι αὐτοὺς ἐπέλεξε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς παρεστηκέναι αὐτῷ καὶ εὐλογεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν ἔσται πᾶσα ἀντιλογία καὶ πᾶσα ἁφή.

и҆ да пристꙋ́пѧтъ жерцы̀ леѵі́ти: ꙗ҆́кѡ си́хъ и҆збра̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й предстоѧ́ти є҆мꙋ̀ и҆ благословлѧ́ти во и҆́мѧ є҆гѡ̀: и҆ во ᲂу҆стѣ́хъ и҆́хъ да бꙋ́детъ всѧ́кое прекосло́вїе и҆ всѧ́каѧ ꙗ҆́зва:

6

And all the elders of that city who draw nigh to the slain man shall wash their hands over the head of the heifer which was slain in the valley;

καὶ πᾶσα ἡ γερουσία τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης οἱ ἐγγίζοντες τῷ τραυματίᾳ νίψονται τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τῆς δαμάλεως τῆς νενευροκοπημένης ἐν τῇ φάραγγι

и҆ всѝ старѣ̑йшины гра́да тогѡ̀, приближа́ющїисѧ ᲂу҆бїе́номꙋ, да ѡ҆мы́ютъ рꙋ́цѣ над̾ главо́ю ю҆́ницы, є҆́йже пресѣ́чєны сꙋ́ть жи̑лы въ де́бри,

7

and they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, and our eyes have not seen [it].

καὶ ἀποκριθέντες ἐροῦσιν· αἱ χεῖρες ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξέχεαν τὸ αἷμα τοῦτο, καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν οὐχ ἑωράκασιν·

и҆ ѿвѣща́вше да рекꙋ́тъ: рꙋ́цѣ на́ши не пролїѧ́ша кро́ве сеѧ̀, и҆ ѻ҆́чи на́ши не ви́дѣша:

8

Be merciful to thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, O Lord, that innocent blood may not be charged on thy people Israel: and the blood shall be atoned for to them.

ἵλεως γενοῦ τῷ λαῷ σου ᾿Ισραήλ, οὓς ἐλυτρώσω, Κύριε, ἵνα μὴ γένηται αἷμα ἀναίτιον ἐν τῷ λαῷ σου ᾿Ισραήλ. καὶ ἐξιλασθήσεται αὐτοῖς τὸ αἷμα.

млⷭ҇тивъ бꙋ́ди лю́демъ твои̑мъ і҆и҃лю, и҆̀хже и҆зве́лъ є҆сѝ, гдⷭ҇и, и҆з̾ землѝ є҆гѵ́петскїѧ, да не бꙋ́детъ кро́вь непови́нна на лю́дехъ твои́хъ і҆и҃ли: и҆ ѡ҆чи́ститсѧ и҆̀мъ кро́вь:

9

And thou shalt take away innocent blood from among you, if thou shouldest do that which is good and pleasing before the Lord thy God.

σὺ δὲ ἐξαρεῖς τὸ αἷμα· τὸ ἀναίτιον ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν, ἐὰν ποιήσῃς τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ ἀρεστὸν ἔναντι Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου.

ты́ же ѿи́меши кро́вь непови́ннꙋ ѿ среды̀ себє̀, а҆́ще сотвори́ши до́брое и҆ ᲂу҆го́дное пред̾ гдⷭ҇емъ бг҃омъ твои́мъ.

10

And if when thou goest out to war against thine enemies, the Lord thy God should deliver them into thine hands, and thou shouldest take their spoil,

᾿Εὰν δὲ ἐξελθὼν εἰς πόλεμον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου καὶ παραδῷ σοι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου καὶ προνομεύσῃς τὴν προνομὴν αὐτῶν

А҆́ще же и҆зы́деши на бра́нь проти́вꙋ врагѡ́мъ твои̑мъ, и҆ преда́стъ ѧ҆̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й въ рꙋ́цѣ твоѝ, и҆ плѣни́ши плѣ́нъ ѿ ни́хъ,

11

and shouldest see among the spoil a woman beautiful in countenance, and shouldest desire her, and take her to thyself for a wife,

καὶ ἴδῃς ἐν τῇ προνομῇ γυναῖκα καλὴν τῷ εἴδει καὶ ἐνθυμηθῇς αὐτῆς καὶ λάβῃς αὐτήν σεαυτῷ γυναῖκα

и҆ ᲂу҆́зриши въ плѣ́нѣ женꙋ̀ добрꙋ̀ ѡ҆бли́чїемъ, и҆ возлю́биши ю҆̀, и҆ по́ймеши ю҆̀ себѣ̀ въ женꙋ̀,

12

and shouldest bring her within thine house: then shalt thou shave her head, and pare her nails;

καὶ εἰσάξῃς αὐτὴν ἔνδον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν σου, καὶ ξυρήσεις τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς καὶ περιονυχιεῖς αὐτὴν

и҆ введе́ши ю҆̀ внꙋ́трь въ до́мъ тво́й, и҆ да ѡ҆брі́еши главꙋ̀ є҆ѧ̀, и҆ да ѡ҆брѣ́жеши но́гти є҆ѧ̀,

13

and shalt take away her garments of captivity from off her, and she shall abide in thine house, and shall bewail her father and mother the days of a month; and afterwards thou shalt go in to her and dwell with her, and she shall be thy wife.

καὶ περιελεῖς τὰ ἱμάτια τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς καὶ καθιεῖται ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου καὶ κλαύσεται τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα μηνὸς ἡμέρας, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσῃ πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ συνοικισθήσῃ αὐτῇ, καὶ ἔσται σου γυνή.

и҆ да совлече́ши ри̑зы плѣ̑нныѧ є҆ѧ̀ съ неѧ̀: и҆ да сѧ́детъ въ домꙋ̀ твое́мъ, и҆ да пла́четсѧ ѻ҆тца̀ своегѡ̀ и҆ ма́тере своеѧ̀ мцⷭ҇ъ дні́й: и҆ по се́мъ вни́деши къ не́й, и҆ совокꙋпи́шисѧ съ не́ю, и҆ бꙋ́детъ тебѣ̀ жена̀.

14

And it shall be if thou do not delight in her, thou shalt send her out free; and she shall not by any means be sold for money, thou shalt not treat her contemptuously, because thou hast humbled her.

καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν μὴ θέλῃς αὐτήν, ἐξαποστελεῖς αὐτὴν ἐλευθέραν καὶ πράσει οὐ πραθήσεται ἀργυρίου· οὐκ ἀθετήσεις αὐτήν, διότι ἐταπείνωσας αὐτήν.

И҆ бꙋ́детъ а҆́ще не восхо́щеши є҆ѧ̀, да ѿпꙋ́стиши ю҆̀ свобо́днꙋ, прода́жею же да не прода́си є҆ѧ̀ на цѣнѣ̀: да не ѿри́неши є҆ѧ̀, поне́же смири́лъ є҆сѝ ю҆̀.

15

And if a man have two wives, the one loved and the other hated, and both the loved and the hated should have born him [children], and the son of the hated should be first-born;

᾿Εὰν δὲ γένωνται ἀνθρώπῳδύο γυναῖκες, μία αὐτῶν ἠγαπημένη καὶ μία αὐτῶν μισουμένη, καὶ τέκωσιν αὐτῷ ἡ ἠγαπημένη καὶ ἡ μισουμένη καὶ γένηται υἱὸς πρωτότοκος τῆς μισουμένης,

А҆́ще же бꙋ́дꙋтъ мꙋ́жꙋ двѣ̀ жєны̀, є҆ди́на ѿ ни́хъ люба̀, и҆ дрꙋга́ѧ не люба̀, и҆ породѧ́тъ є҆мꙋ̀ люба́ѧ и҆ нелюба́ѧ, и҆ бꙋ́детъ сы́нъ перворожде́нный ѿ нелюби́мыѧ:

16

then it shall be that whensoever he shall divide by inheritance his goods to his sons, he shall not be able to give the right of the first-born to the son of the loved one, having overlooked the son of the hated, which is the first-born.

καὶ ἔσται ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ κατακληρονομῇ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ, οὐ δυνήσεται πρωτοτοκεῦσαι τῷ υἱῷ τῆς ἠγαπημένης, ὑπεριδὼν τὸν υἱὸν τῆς μισουμένης τὸν πρωτότοκον,

и҆ бꙋ́детъ во́ньже де́нь раздѣли́тъ сынѡ́мъ свои̑мъ и҆мѣ́нїе своѐ, не возмо́жетъ пе́рвенцемъ бы́ти сы́нъ люби́мыѧ, презрѣ́въ сы́на нелюби́мыѧ пе́рвенца:

17

But he shall acknowledge the first-born of the hated one to give to him double of all things which shall be found by him, because he is the first of his children, and to him belongs the birthright.

ἀλλὰ τὸν πρωτότοκον υἱὸν τῆς μισουμένης ἐπιγνώσεται δοῦναι αὐτῷ διπλᾶ ἀπὸ πάντων, ὧν ἂν εὑρεθῇ αὐτῷ, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ἀρχὴ τέκνων αὐτοῦ, καὶ τούτῳ καθήκει τὰ πρωτοτοκεῖα.

но сы́на нелюби́мыѧ за пе́рвенца да призна́етъ, и҆ да́стъ є҆мꙋ̀ сꙋгꙋ́бѡ ѿ всегѡ̀, є҆́же ѡ҆брѧ́щетсѧ є҆мꙋ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ се́й є҆́сть нача́ло ча̑дъ є҆гѡ̀, и҆ семꙋ̀ досто́итъ пе́рвенство.

18

And if any man has a disobedient and contentious son, who hearkens not to the voice of his father and the voice of his mother, and they should correct him, and he should not hearken to them;

᾿Εὰν δέ τινι ᾖ υἱὸς ἀπειθὴς καὶ ἐρεθιστής, οὐχ ὑπακούων φωνὴν πατρὸς καὶ φωνὴν μητρός, καὶ παιδεύωσιν αὐτὸν καὶ μὴ εἰσακούῃ αὐτῶν,

А҆́ще же комꙋ̀ бꙋ́детъ сы́нъ непокори́въ и҆ грꙋби́тель, не послꙋ́шаѧй гла́са ѻ҆тца̀ своегѡ̀ и҆ гла́са ма́тере своеѧ̀, и҆ нака́жꙋтъ є҆го̀, и҆ не послꙋ́шаетъ и҆́хъ,

19

then shall his father and his mother take hold of him, and bring him forth to the elders of his city, and to the gate of the place:

καὶ συλλαβόντες αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξάξουσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν γερουσίαν τῆς πόλεως αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τοῦ τόπου

да во́змꙋтъ є҆го̀ ѻ҆те́цъ є҆гѡ̀ и҆ ма́ти є҆гѡ̀, и҆ да и҆зведꙋ́тъ є҆го̀ пред̾ старѣ̑йшины гра́да своегѡ̀ и҆ пред̾ врата̀ мѣ́ста своегѡ̀,

20

and they shall say to the men of their city, This our son is disobedient and contentious, he hearkens not to our voice, he is a reveler and a drunkard.

καὶ ἐροῦσι τοῖς ἀνδράσι τῆς πόλεως αὐτῶν· ὁ υἱὸς ἡμῶν οὗτος ἀπειθεῖ καὶ ἐρεθίζει, οὐχ ὑπακούει τῆς φωνῆς ἡμῶν, συμβολοκοπῶν οἰνοφλυγεῖ·

и҆ да рекꙋ́тъ къ мꙋжє́мъ гра́да своегѡ̀: сы́нъ на́шъ се́й непокори́въ є҆́сть и҆ грꙋби́тель и҆ не слꙋ́шаетъ рѣ́чи на́шеѧ, сластолю́бствꙋѧ пїѧ́нствꙋетъ:

21

And the men of his city shall stone him with stones, and he shall die; and thou shalt remove the evil one from yourselves, and the rest shall hear and fear.

καὶ λιθοβολήσουσιν αὐτὸν οἱ ἄνδρες τῆς πόλεως αὐτοῦ ἐν λίθοις, καὶ ἀποθανεῖται· καὶ ἐξαρεῖς τὸν πονηρὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἐπίλοιποι ἀκούσαντες φοβηθήσονται.

и҆ да побїю́тъ є҆го̀ мꙋ́жїе гра́да тогѡ̀ ка́менїемъ, и҆ да ᲂу҆́мретъ: и҆ и҆зми́те ѕло́е ѿ себє̀ сами́хъ, да и҆ про́чїи слы́шавше ᲂу҆боѧ́тсѧ.

22

And if there be sin in any one, [and] the judgment of death [be upon him], and he be put to death, and ye hang him on a tree:

᾿Εὰν δὲ γένηται ἔν τινι ἁμαρτία κρίμα θανάτου καὶ ἀποθάνῃ καὶ κρεμάσητε αὐτὸν ἐπὶ ξύλου,

А҆́ще же бꙋ́детъ на ко́мъ грѣ́хъ, сꙋ́дъ сме́ртный, и҆ да ᲂу҆́мретъ, и҆ повѣ́сите є҆го̀ на дре́вѣ,

23

his body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but ye shall by all means bury it in that day; for every one that is hanged on a tree is cursed of God; and ye shall by no means defile the land which the Lord thy God gives thee for an inheritance.

οὐ κοιμηθήσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου, ἀλλὰ ταφῇ θάψετε αὐτὸ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, ὅτι κεκατηραμένος ὑπὸ Θεοῦ πᾶς κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου· καὶ οὐ μὴ μιανεῖτε τὴν γῆν, ἣν Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι ἐν κλήρῳ.

да не пренощꙋ́етъ тѣ́ло є҆гѡ̀ на дре́вѣ, но во гро́бѣ погреби́те є҆го̀ въ то́йже де́нь: ꙗ҆́кѡ про́клѧтъ є҆́сть ѿ бг҃а всѧ́къ ви́сѧй на дре́вѣ: и҆ да не ѡ҆сквернитѐ землѝ, ю҆́же гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й дае́тъ тебѣ̀ во жре́бїй.