Deuteronomy 20
Commentary from 1 father
And if thou shouldest go forth to war against thine enemies, and shouldest see horse, and rider, and a people more numerous than thyself; thou shalt not be afraid of them, for the Lord thy God [is] with thee, who brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
ΕΑΝ δὲ ἐξέλθῃς εἰς πόλεμον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου καὶ ἴδῃς ἵππον καὶ ἀναβάτην καὶ λαὸν πλείονά σου, οὐ φοβηθήσῃ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν, ὅτι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου μετὰ σοῦ ὁ ἀναβιβάσας σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου.
А҆́ще же и҆зы́деши на бра́нь на врагѝ твоѧ̑, и҆ ᲂу҆́зриши ко́ни и҆ вса́дники и҆ лю́ди мно́жайшыѧ тебє̀, да не ᲂу҆бои́шисѧ и҆́хъ: ꙗ҆́кѡ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й съ тобо́ю, и҆зведы́й тѧ̀ и҆з̾ землѝ є҆гѵ́петскїѧ.
And it shall come to pass whenever thou shalt draw nigh to battle, that the priest shall draw nigh and speak to the people, and shall say to them,
καὶ ἔσται ὅταν ἐγγίσῃς τῷ πολέμῳ, καὶ προσεγγίσας ὁ ἱερεὺς λαλήσει τῷ λαῷ καὶ ἐρεῖ πρὸς αὐτούς·
И҆ бꙋ́детъ є҆гда̀ прибли́жишисѧ къ ра́ти, и҆ пристꙋпи́въ жре́цъ да возглаго́летъ къ лю́демъ и҆ рече́тъ къ ни̑мъ:
Hear, O Israel; ye are going this day to battle against your enemies: let not your heart faint, fear not, neither be confounded, neither turn aside from their face.
ἄκουε, ᾿Ισραήλ· ὑμεῖς πορεύεσθε σήμερον εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, μὴ ἐκλυέσθω ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν, μὴ φοβεῖσθε μηδὲ θραύεσθε μηδὲ ἐκκλίνετε ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν,
послꙋ́шай, і҆и҃лю, вы̀ и҆схо́дите дне́сь на ра́ть ко врагѡ́мъ ва́шымъ: да не ѡ҆слабѣ́етъ се́рдце ва́ше, ни ᲂу҆бо́йтесѧ, нижѐ ᲂу҆страши́тесѧ и҆ не ᲂу҆клони́тесѧ ѿ лица̀ и҆́хъ:
For [it is] the Lord your God who advances with you, to fight with you against your enemies, [and] to save you.
ὅτι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν ὁ προπορευόμενος μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν συνεκπολεμῆσαι ὑμῖν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, διασῶσαι ὑμᾶς.
ꙗ҆́кѡ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ и҆ды́й пред̾ ва́ми спобо́рствꙋетъ ва́мъ на врагѝ ва́шѧ и҆ спасе́тъ ва́съ.
And what man [is] he that has planted a vineyard, and not been made merry with it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man be made merry with it.
καὶ τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα καὶ οὐκ εὐφράνθη ἐξ αὐτοῦ; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος εὐφρανθήσεται ἐξ αὐτοῦ.
и҆ кі́и человѣ́къ, и҆́же насадѝ вїногра́дъ, и҆ не весели́сѧ ѿ негѡ̀; да и҆́детъ, и҆ возврати́тсѧ въ до́мъ сво́й, да не ᲂу҆́мретъ на ра́ти, и҆ человѣ́къ и҆́нъ возвесели́тсѧ ѿ негѡ̀:
And what man [is] he that has betrothed a wife, and has not taken her? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.
καὶ τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις μεμνήστευται γυναῖκα καὶ οὐκ ἔλαβεν αὐτήν; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος λήψεται αὐτήν.
и҆ кі́й человѣ́къ, и҆́же ѡ҆брꙋчѝ себѣ̀ женꙋ̀, и҆ не понѧ́лъ ю҆̀; да и҆́детъ, и҆ возврати́тсѧ въ до́мъ сво́й, да не ᲂу҆́мретъ на ра́ти, и҆ и҆́нъ человѣ́къ по́йметъ ю҆̀.
And the scribes shall speak further to the people, and say, What man [is] he that fears and is cowardly in his heart? Let him go and return to his house, lest he make the heart of his brother fail, as his own.
καὶ προσθήσουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν καὶ ἐροῦσι· τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ φοβούμενος καὶ δειλὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ δειλιάνῃ τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ὥσπερ ἡ αὐτοῦ.
И҆ да приложа́тъ книгѡ́чїѧ глаго́лати къ лю́демъ, и҆ да рекꙋ́тъ: кі́й человѣ́къ страшли́въ и҆ сла́бъ се́рдцемъ; да и҆́детъ, и҆ возврати́тсѧ въ до́мъ сво́й, да не ᲂу҆страши́тъ се́рдца бра́та своегѡ̀, а҆́ки се́рдце своѐ.
And it shall come to pass when the scribes shall have ceased speaking to the people, that they shall appoint generals of the army to be leaders of the people.
καὶ ἔσται ὅταν παύσωνται οἱ γραμματεῖς λαλοῦντες πρὸς τὸν λαόν, καὶ καταστήσουσιν ἄρχοντας τῆς στρατιᾶς προηγουμένους τοῦ λαοῦ.
И҆ бꙋ́детъ є҆гда̀ ᲂу҆мо́лкнꙋтъ книгѡ́чїѧ глаго́люще къ лю́демъ, и҆ поста́вѧтъ воевѡ́ды во́инства вожды̀ люді́й.
And if thou shalt draw nigh to a city to overcome them by war, then call them out peaceably.
᾿Εὰν δὲ προσέλθῃς πρὸς πόλιν ἐκπολεμῆσαι αὐτούς, καὶ ἐκκαλέσαι αὐτοὺς μετ᾿ εἰρήνης·
А҆́ще же прїи́деши ко гра́дꙋ воева́ти на́нь, и҆ воззове́ши ѧ҆̀ съ ми́ромъ:
If then they should answer peaceably to thee, and open to thee, it shall be that all the people found in it shall be tributary and subject to thee.
ἐὰν μὲν εἰρηνικὰ ἀποκριθῶσί σοι καὶ ἀνοίξωσί σοι, ἔσται πᾶς ὁ λαὸς οἱ εὑρεθέντες ἐν αὐτῇ ἔσονταί σοι φορολόγητοι καὶ ὑπήκοοί σου·
а҆́ще ᲂу҆́бѡ ми́рное ѿвѣща́ютъ тѝ, и҆ ѿве́рзꙋтъ тебѣ̀ (гра́дъ), всѝ лю́дїе ѡ҆брѣ́тшїисѧ во гра́дѣ да бꙋ́дꙋтъ тебѣ̀ да́нь даю́ще и҆ послꙋ́шающїи тебѐ:
But if they will not hearken to thee, but wage war against thee, thou shalt invest it;
ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ὑπακούσωσί σοι καὶ ποιῶσι πρὸς σὲ πόλεμον, περικαθαριεῖς αὐτήν,
а҆́ще же не покорѧ́тсѧ тебѣ̀, и҆ сотворѧ́тъ съ тобо́ю ра́ть, да ѡ҆бсѧ́деши є҆го̀,
until the Lord thy God shall deliver it into thy hands, and thou shalt smite every male of it with the edge of the sword:
ἕως ἂν παραδῷ σοι αὐτὴν Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου, καὶ πατάξεις πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν αὐτῆς ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας,
до́ндеже преда́стъ ѧ҆̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й въ рꙋ́цѣ твоѝ: да и҆збїе́ши всѧ́къ мꙋ́жескъ по́лъ въ не́мъ ᲂу҆бі́йствомъ меча̀,
except the women and the stuff: and all the cattle, and whatsoever shall be in the city, and all the plunder thou shalt take as spoil for thyself, and shalt eat all the plunder of thine enemies whom the Lord thy God gives thee.
πλὴν τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ τῆς ἀποσκευῆς καὶ πάντα τὰ κτήνη καὶ πάντα, ὅσα ἂν ὑπάρχῃ ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν προνομεύσεις σεαυτῷ καὶ φαγῇ πᾶσαν τὴν προνομὴν τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου, ὧν Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι.
кромѣ̀ же́нъ и҆ и҆мѣ́нїѧ, и҆ всѧ̑ скоты̀, и҆ всѧ̑ є҆ли̑ка сꙋ́ть во гра́дѣ, и҆ всѐ стѧжа́нїе да плѣни́ши себѣ̀, и҆ да снѣ́си ве́сь плѣ́нъ врагѡ́въ твои́хъ, ꙗ҆̀же гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й дае́тъ тебѣ̀.
Thus shalt thou do to all the cities that are very far off from thee, not [being] of the cities of these nations which the Lord thy God gives thee to inherit their land.
οὕτω ποιήσεις πάσας τὰς πόλεις τὰς μακρὰν οὔσας σου σφόδρα, αἱ οὐχὶ ἐκ τῶν πόλεων τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων, ὧν Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι κληρονομεῖν τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν.
Та́кѡ да сотвори́ши всѣ̑мъ градѡ́мъ, и҆̀же сꙋ́ть дале́че ѿ тебє̀ ѕѣлѡ̀, и҆̀же не сꙋ́ть ѿ градѡ́въ ꙗ҆зы́кѡвъ си́хъ, и҆́хже гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ дае́тъ тебѣ̀ наслѣ́дити зе́млю и҆́хъ:
[Of these] ye shall not take any thing alive;
ἰδοὺ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων, ὧν ὁ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσί σοι κληρονομεῖν τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν, οὐ ζωγρήσετε ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν πᾶν ἐμπνέον,
ѿ ни́хъ да не ѡ҆ста́вите жи́ва всѧ́кагѡ дыха́нїѧ:
but ye shall surely curse them, the Chettite, and the Amorite, and the Chananite, and the Pherezite, and the Evite, and the Jebusite, and the Gergesite; as the Lord thy God commanded thee:
ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἀναθέματι ἀναθεματιεῖτε αὐτούς, τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ ᾿Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Εὐαῖον καὶ ᾿Ιεβουσαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον, ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατό σοι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου,
но и҆ проклѧ́тїемъ проклени́те и҆̀хъ, хетте́а и҆ а҆морре́а, и҆ ханане́а и҆ ферезе́а, и҆ є҆ѵе́а и҆ і҆евꙋсе́а и҆ гергесе́а, ꙗ҆́коже заповѣ́да тебѣ̀ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ тво́й:
that they may not teach you to do all their abominations, which they did to their gods, and [so] ye should sin before the Lord your God.
ἵνα μὴ διδάξωσι ποιεῖν ὑμᾶς πάντα τὰβδελύγματα αὐτῶν, ὅσα ἐποίησαν τοῖς θεοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἁμαρτήσεσθε ἐναντίον Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑμῶν.
да не наꙋча́тъ ва́съ твори́ти всѧ̑кїѧ ме́рзѡсти своѧ̑, є҆ли̑ки твори́ша богѡ́мъ свои̑мъ, и҆ согрѣшитѐ пред̾ гдⷭ҇емъ бг҃омъ ва́шимъ.
And if thou shouldest besiege a city many days to prevail against it by war to take it, thou shalt not destroy its trees, by applying an iron tool to them, but thou shalt eat of it, and shalt not cut it down: Is the tree that is in the field a man, to enter before thee into the work of the siege?
᾿Εὰν δὲ περικαθήσῃς περὶ πόλιν μίαν ἡμέρας πλείους ἐκπολεμῆσαι αὐτὴν εἰς κατάληψιν αὐτῆς, οὐκ ἐξολοθρεύσεις τὰ δένδρα αὐτῆς ἐπιβαλεῖν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὰ σίδηρον, ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ φαγῇ, αὐτὸ δὲ οὐκ ἐκκόψεις. μὴ ἄνθρωπος τὸ ξύλον τὸ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ εἰσελθεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου σου εἰς τὸν χάρακα;
А҆́ще же ѡ҆бсѧ́деши гра́дъ є҆ди́нъ дни̑ мнѡ́ги воева́ти є҆го̀ въ прїѧ́тїе себѣ̀, да не и҆стреби́ши садо́вїѧ є҆гѡ̀, возложи́въ желѣ́зо на́нь, но то́кмѡ да ꙗ҆́си пло́дъ ѿ ни́хъ, самогѡ́ же да не посѣче́ши: є҆да̀ дре́во, є҆́же въ дꙋбра́вѣ, человѣ́къ є҆́сть, є҆́же вни́ти ѿ лица̀ твоегѡ̀ въ забра̑ла;
The Logos in his goodness, richly equipped with love of humankind, teaches that it is not right to cut down cultivated trees, still less to cut crops for purposes of vandalism before harvest, and even less still to destroy, root and branch, cultivated fruit, whether of the land or of the soul. It does not even allow the razing of enemy land. Yes, and farmers find their profit from the law. It enjoins them to take care of their young trees right to their third year, pruning them to prevent them being oppressed by excessive weight and being weakened through shortage of a nourishment spread too thinly. It enjoins them to trench and dig around them to prevent parasites from inhibiting their growth. It does not allow the harvesting of immature fruit from immature trees. After three years, the first fruits are to be consecrated to God after the tree has reached maturity.
The Stromata Book 2
But the tree which thou knowest to be not fruit-bearing, this thou shalt destroy and cut down; and thou shalt construct a mound against the city, which makes war against thee, until it be delivered up.
ἀλλὰ ξύλον, ὃ ἐπίστασαι ὅτι οὐ καρπόβρωτόν ἐστι, τοῦτο ὀλοθρεύσεις καὶ ἐκκόψεις καὶ οἰκοδομήσεις χαράκωσιν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν, ἥτις ποιεῖ πρὸς σὲ τὸν πόλεμον, ἕως ἂν παραδοθῇ.
но дре́во, є҆́же вѣ́си, ꙗ҆́кѡ не ꙗ҆́стсѧ пло́дъ є҆гѡ̀, сїѐ потреби́ши и҆ посѣче́ши, и҆ сотвори́ши лѣ̑ствицы на гра́дъ, и҆́же твори́тъ на тѧ̀ ра́ть, до́ндеже преда́стсѧ.
And the scribes shall speak to the people, saying, What man [is] he that has built a new house, and has not dedicated it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the war, and another man dedicate it.
καὶ λαλήσουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν λέγοντες· τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ οἰκοδομήσας οἰκίαν καινὴν καὶ οὐκ ἐνεκαίνισεν αὐτήν; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος ἐγκαινιεῖ αὐτήν.
И҆ да рекꙋ́тъ книгѡ́чїѧ къ лю́демъ, глаго́люще: кі́й человѣ́къ созда́вый хра́минꙋ но́вꙋ, и҆ не ѡ҆бновѝ є҆ѧ̀; да и҆́детъ, и҆ да возврати́тсѧ въ до́мъ сво́й, да не ᲂу҆́мретъ на ра́ти, и҆ человѣ́къ и҆́нъ ѡ҆бнови́тъ ю҆̀: