Leviticus 20

Commentary from 3 fathers

1

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

ΚΑΙ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων·

И҆ речѐ гдⷭ҇ь къ мѡѷсе́ю, гл҃ѧ:

2

Thou shalt also say to the children of Israel, If [there shall be] any of the children of Israel, or of those who have become proselytes in Israel, who shall give of his seed to Moloch, let him be surely put to death; the nation upon the land shall stone him with stones.

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς ᾿Ισραὴλ λαλήσεις· ἐάν τις ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν ᾿Ισραὴλ ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν γεγενημένων προσηλύτων ἐν ᾿Ισραήλ, ὃς ἂν δῷ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἄρχοντι, θανάτῳ θανατούσθω· τὸ ἔθνος τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς λιθοβολήσουσιν αὐτὸν ἐν λίθοις.

рцы̀ сынѡ́мъ і҆и҃лєвымъ, глаго́лѧ: а҆́ще кто̀ ѿ сынѡ́въ і҆и҃левыхъ, и҆лѝ ѿ прибы́вшихъ прише́льцєвъ во і҆и҃ли, и҆́же а҆́ще да́стъ ѿ сѣ́мене своегѡ̀ моло́хꙋ, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мретъ: лю́дїе землѝ да побїю́тъ є҆го̀ ка́менїемъ:

3

And I will set my face against that man, and will cut him off from his people, because he has given of his seed to Moloch, to defile my sanctuary, and profane the name of them that are consecrated to me.

καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἄρχοντι, ἵνα μιάνῃ τὰ ἅγιά μου καὶ βεβηλώσῃ τὸ ὄνομα τῶν ἡγιασμένων μοι.

и҆ а҆́зъ ᲂу҆твержꙋ̀ лицѐ моѐ на человѣ́ка того̀ и҆ погꙋблю̀ є҆го̀ ѿ люді́й є҆гѡ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ ѿ сѣ́мене своегѡ̀ дадѐ моло́хꙋ, да ѡ҆скверни́тъ ст҃ы́ню мою̀ и҆ ѡ҆скверни́тъ и҆́мѧ ѡ҆сщ҃е́нныхъ мнѣ̀.

4

And if the natives of the land should in anywise overlook that man in giving of his seed to Moloch, so as not to put him to death;

ἐὰν δὲ ὑπερόψει ὑπερίδωσιν οἱ αὐτόχθονες τῆς γῆς τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου, ἐν τῷ δοῦναι αὐτὸν τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἄρχοντι, τοῦ μὴ ἀποκτεῖναι αὐτόν,

А҆́ще же презрѣ́нїемъ пре́зрѧтъ тꙋзе́мцы землѝ ѻ҆чи́ма свои́ма ѿ человѣ́ка тогѡ̀, внегда̀ да́ти є҆мꙋ̀ ѿ сѣ́мене своегѡ̀ моло́хꙋ, є҆́же не ᲂу҆би́ти є҆го̀:

5

then will I set my face against that man and his family, and I will destroy him, and all who have been of one mind with him, so that he should go a whoring to the princes, from their people.

καὶ ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκεῖνον καὶ τὴν συγγένειαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ὁμονοοῦντας αὐτῷ, ὥστε ἐκπορνεύειν αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῶν.

и҆ ᲂу҆твержꙋ̀ лицѐ моѐ на человѣ́ка того̀ и҆ на сро́дники є҆гѡ̀, и҆ погꙋблю̀ є҆го̀ и҆ всѣ́хъ є҆диномы́слѧщихъ съ ни́мъ, є҆́же соблꙋжда́ти є҆мꙋ̀ со і҆́дѡлы ѿ люді́й свои́хъ.

6

And the soul that shall follow those who have in them divining spirits, or enchanters, so as to go a whoring after them; I will set my face against that soul, and will destroy it from among its people.

καὶ ψυχή, ἣ ἐὰν ἐπακολουθήσῃ ἐγγαστριμύθοις ἢ ἐπαοιδοῖς, ὥστε ἐκπορνεῦσαι ὀπίσω αὐτῶν, ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκείνην καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτὴν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς.

И҆ дꙋша̀ ꙗ҆́же а҆́ще послѣ́дꙋетъ ᲂу҆трѡ́бнымъ ба́снемъ и҆лѝ волхвѡ́мъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ соблꙋди́ти в̾слѣ́дъ и҆́хъ, ᲂу҆твержꙋ̀ лицѐ моѐ на дꙋ́шꙋ тꙋ̀ и҆ погꙋблю̀ ю҆̀ ѿ люді́й є҆ѧ̀.

7

And ye shall be holy, for I the Lord your God [am] holy.

καὶ ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι, ὅτι ἅγιος ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν·

И҆ бꙋ́дете свѧ́ти, ꙗ҆́кѡ а҆́зъ ст҃ъ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ.

8

And ye shall observe my ordinances, and do them: I [am] the Lord that sanctifies you.

καὶ φυλάξεσθε τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτά· ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς.

И҆ сохрани́те повелѣ̑нїѧ моѧ̑ и҆ сотвори́те ѧ҆̀: а҆́зъ гдⷭ҇ь ѡ҆сщ҃а́ѧй ва́съ.

9

Every man who shall speak evil of his father or of his mother, let him die the death; has he spoken evil of his father or his mother? he shall be guilty.

ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἂν κακῶς εἴπῃ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, θανάτῳ θανατούσθω· πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ κακῶς εἶπεν; ἔνοχος ἔσται.

Человѣ́къ человѣ́къ, и҆́же а҆́ще ѕло̀ рече́тъ ѻ҆тцꙋ̀ своемꙋ̀ и҆лѝ ма́тери свое́й, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мретъ: ѻ҆тцꙋ̀ своемꙋ̀ и҆лѝ ма́тери свое́й ѕлѣ̀ речѐ, пови́ненъ бꙋ́детъ.

10

Whatever man shall commit adultery with the wife of a man, or whoever shall commit adultery with the wife of his neighbour, let them die the death, the adulterer and the adulteress.

ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν μοιχεύσηται γυναῖκα ἀνδρός, ἢ ὃς ἂν μοιχεύσηται γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον, θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ὁ μοιχεύων καὶ ἡ μοιχευομένη.

Человѣ́къ человѣ́къ, и҆́же а҆́ще прелюбы̀ содѣ́етъ съ мꙋ́жнею жено́ю, и҆лѝ кто̀ прелюбы̀ содѣ́етъ съ жено́ю бли́жнѧгѡ своегѡ̀, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ прелюбодѣ́й и҆ прелюбодѣ́йца.

11

And if any one should lie with his father’s wife, he has uncovered his father’s nakedness: let them both die the death, they are guilty.

καὶ ἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ μετὰ γυναικὸς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, ἀσχημοσύνην τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψε, θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἀμφότεροι ἔνοχοί εἰσι.

И҆ и҆́же а҆́ще пребꙋ́детъ съ жено́ю ѻ҆тца̀ своегѡ̀, срамотꙋ̀ ѻ҆тца̀ своегѡ̀ ѿкры́лъ є҆́сть, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ ѻ҆́ба, пови́нни сꙋ́ть.

12

And if any one should lie with his daughter-in-law, let them both be put to death; for they have wrought impiety, they are guilty.

καὶ ἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ μετὰ νύμφης αὐτοῦ, θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι· ἠσεβήκασι γάρ, ἔνοχοί εἰσι.

И҆ а҆́ще кто̀ бꙋ́детъ съ невѣ́сткою свое́ю, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ ѻ҆́ба, нече́ствоваша бо, пови́нни сꙋ́ть.

13

And whoever shall lie with a male as with a woman, they have both wrought abomination; let them die the death, they are guilty.

καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετά ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν.

И҆ а҆́ще кто̀ бꙋ́детъ съ мꙋ́жескимъ по́ломъ ло́жемъ же́нскимъ, гнꙋ́сность сотвори́ша ѻ҆́ба, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ, пови́нни сꙋ́ть.

14

Whosoever shall take a woman and her mother, it is iniquity: they shall burn him and them with fire; so there shall not be iniquity among you.

ὃς ἂν λάβῃ γυναῖκα καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτῆς, ἀνόμημά ἐστιν, ἐν πυρὶ κατακαύσουσιν αὐτὸν καὶ αὐτάς, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἀνομία ἐν ὑμῖν.

И҆́же а҆́ще по́йметъ женꙋ̀ и҆ ма́терь є҆ѧ̀, беззако́нїе є҆́сть, ѻ҆гне́мъ да сожгꙋ́тъ є҆го̀ и҆ ѡ҆́ныѧ, и҆ не бꙋ́детъ беззако́нїе въ ва́съ.

15

And whosoever shall lie with a beast, let him die the death; and ye shall kill the beast.

καὶ ὃς ἂν δῷ κοιτασίαν αὐτοῦ ἐν τετράποδι, θανάτῳ θανατούσθω, καὶ τὸ τετράπουν ἀποκτενεῖτε.

И҆ и҆́же а҆́ще да́стъ ло́же своѐ четвероно́жномꙋ, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мретъ, четвероно́жное же ᲂу҆бїе́те.

16

And whatever woman shall approach any beast, so as to have connexion with it, ye shall kill the woman and the beast: let them die the death, they are guilty.

καὶ γυνή, ἥτις προσελεύσεται πρὸς πᾶν κτῆνος βιβασθῆναι αὐτὴν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἀποκτενεῖτε τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τὸ κτῆνος· θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν.

И҆ жена̀ ꙗ҆́же а҆́ще пристꙋ́питъ ко всѧ́комꙋ скотꙋ̀, є҆́же бы́ти съ ни́мъ, да ᲂу҆бїе́те женꙋ̀ и҆ ско́тъ, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ, пови́нни сꙋ́ть.

17

Whosoever shall take his sister by his father or by his mother, and shall see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness, it is a reproach: they shall be destroyed before the children of their family; he has uncovered his sister’s nakedness, they shall bear their sin.

ὃς ἂν λάβῃ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἢ ἐκ μητρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἴδῃ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς καὶ αὕτη ἴδῃ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτοῦ, ὄνειδός ἐστιν, ἐξολοθρευθήσονται ἐνώπιον υἱῶν γένους αὐτῶν· ἀσχημοσύνην ἀδελφῆς αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν, ἁμαρτίαν κομιοῦνται.

И҆́же а҆́ще по́йметъ сестрꙋ̀ свою̀ ѿ ѻ҆тца̀ своегѡ̀ и҆лѝ ѿ ма́тере своеѧ̀, и҆ ᲂу҆ви́дитъ срамотꙋ̀ є҆ѧ̀, и҆ ѻ҆на̀ ᲂу҆ви́дитъ срамотꙋ̀ є҆гѡ̀, ᲂу҆кори́зна є҆́сть, да потребѧ́тсѧ пред̾ сы̑ны ро́да и҆́хъ: срамотꙋ̀ сестры̀ своеѧ̀ ѿкры̀, грѣ́хъ прїи́мꙋтъ.

18

And whatever man shall lie with a woman that is set apart [for a flux], and shall uncover her nakedness, he has uncovered her fountain, and she has uncovered the flux of her blood: they shall both be destroyed from among their generation.

καὶ ἀνήρ, ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ γυναικὸς ἀποκαθημένης καὶ ἀποκαλύψῃ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς, τὴν πηγὴν αὐτῆς ἀπεκάλυψε, καὶ αὕτη ἀπεκάλυψε τὴν ῥύσιν τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς· ἐξολοθρευθήσονται ἀμφότεροι ἐκ τῆς γενεᾶς αὐτῶν.

И҆ мꙋ́жъ и҆́же бꙋ́детъ съ жено́ю скверна́вою и҆ ѿкры́етъ срамотꙋ̀ є҆ѧ̀, тече́нїе є҆ѧ̀ ѿкры̀, и҆ ѻ҆на̀ ѿкры̀ тече́нїе кро́ве своеѧ̀, да потребѧ́тсѧ ѻ҆́ба ѿ ро́да и҆́хъ.

19

And thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s sister, or of the sister of thy mother; for that man has uncovered the nakedness of one near akin: they shall bear their iniquity.

καὶ ἀσχημοσύνην ἀδελφῆς πατρός σου καὶ ἀδελφῆς μητρός σου οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις· τὴν γὰρ οἰκειότητα ἀπεκάλυψεν, ἁμαρτίαν ἀποίσονται.

И҆ срамотꙋ̀ сестры̀ ѻ҆тца̀ твоегѡ̀ и҆ сестры̀ ма́тере твоеѧ̀ да не ѿкры́еши: ᲂу҆́жичество бо ѿкры̀, грѣ́хъ понесꙋ́тъ.

20

Whosoever shall lie with his near kinswoman, has uncovered the nakedness of one near akin to him: they shall die childless.

ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ τῆς συγγενοῦς αὐτοῦ, ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς συγγενείας αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν, ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται.

И҆́же а҆́ще бꙋ́детъ со сро́дницею свое́ю, срамотꙋ̀ сродства̀ своегѡ̀ ѿкры̀, безча́дни и҆́змрꙋтъ.

21

Whoever shall take his brother’s wife, it is uncleanness; he has uncovered his brother’s nakedness; they shall die childless.

ὃς ἐὰν λάβῃ γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, ἀκαθαρσία ἐστίν· ἀσχημοσύνην τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν, ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται.

И҆ человѣ́къ и҆́же а҆́ще по́йметъ женꙋ̀ бра́та своегѡ̀, нечистота̀ є҆́сть: срамотꙋ̀ бра́та своегѡ̀ ѿкры́лъ є҆́сть, безча́дни и҆́змрꙋтъ.

22

And keep ye all my ordinances, and my judgments; and ye shall do them, and the land shall not be aggrieved with you, into which I bring you to dwell upon it.

Καὶ φυλάξασθε πάντα τὰ προστάγματά μου, καὶ τὰ κρίματά μου καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτά, καὶ οὐ μὴ προσοχθίσῃ ὑμῖν ἡ γῆ, εἰς ἣν ἐγὼ εἰσάγω ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖ κατοικεῖν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς.

И҆ сохрани́те всѧ̑ повелѣ̑нїѧ моѧ̑ и҆ всѧ̑ сꙋдьбы̑ моѧ̑ и҆ сотвори́те ѧ҆̀, и҆ не вознегодꙋ́етъ на ва́съ землѧ̀, въ ню́же а҆́зъ введꙋ́ вы та́мѡ всели́тисѧ на не́й.

23

And walk ye not in the customs of the nations which I drive out from before you; for they have done all these things, and I have abhorred them:

καὶ οὐχὶ πορεύεσθε τοῖς νομίμοις τῶν ἐθνῶν, οὓς ἐξαποστέλλω ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν· ὅτι ταῦτα πάντα ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἐβδελυξάμην αὐτούς.

И҆ не ходи́те въ зако́ны ꙗ҆зы́чєскїѧ, и҆̀хже а҆́зъ и҆згоню̀ ѿ ва́съ: ꙗ҆́кѡ сїѧ̑ всѧ̑ сотвори́ша, и҆ возгнꙋша́хсѧ и҆́ми.

24

and I said to you, Ye shall inherit their land, and I will give it to you for a possession, [even] a land flowing with milk and honey: I [am] the Lord your God, who have separated you from all people.

καὶ εἶπα ὑμῖν· ὑμεῖς κληρονομήσετε τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐγὼ δώσω ὑμῖν αὐτὴν ἐν κτήσει, γῆν ρέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι· ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν, ὃς διώρισα ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν.

И҆ рѣ́хъ къ ва́мъ: вы̀ наслѣ́дите зе́млю и҆́хъ, и҆ а҆́зъ да́мъ ва́мъ ю҆̀ въ притѧжа́нїе, зе́млю текꙋ́щꙋю ме́домъ и҆ млеко́мъ, а҆́зъ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ, ѿлꙋчи́вый ва́съ ѿ всѣ́хъ ꙗ҆зы̑къ.

25

And ye shall make a distinction between the clean and the unclean cattle, and between clean and unclean birds; and ye shall not defile your souls with cattle, or with birds, or with any creeping things of the earth, which I have separated for you by reason of uncleanness.

καὶ ἀφοριεῖτε αὐτοὺς ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν καθαρῶν καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν ἀκαθάρτων καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν πετεινῶν τῶν καθαρῶν καὶ τῶν ἀκαθάρτων, καὶ οὐ βδελύξετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς κτήνεσι, καὶ ἐν τοῖς πετεινοῖς καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τῆς γῆς, ἃ ἐγὼ ἀφώρισα ὑμῖν ἐν ἀκαθαρσίᾳ.

И҆ ѿлꙋчи́те себѣ̀ междꙋ̀ скѡты̀ чи́стыми и҆ междꙋ̀ скѡты̀ нечи́стыми, и҆ междꙋ̀ пти́цами чи́стыми и҆ нечи́стыми: и҆ не ѡ҆сквернитѐ дꙋ́шъ ва́шихъ въ скотѣ́хъ и҆ въ пти́цахъ и҆ во всѣ́хъ гадѣ́хъ земны́хъ, ꙗ҆̀же а҆́зъ ѿлꙋчи́хъ ва́мъ въ нечистотѣ̀,

26

And ye shall be holy to me; because I the Lord your God [am] holy, who separated you from all nations, to be mine.

καὶ ἔσεσθέ μοι ἅγιοι, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιός εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν, ὁ ἀφορίσας ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, εἶναι ἐμοί.

и҆ бꙋ́дете мѝ свѧ́ти, ꙗ҆́кѡ а҆́зъ ст҃ъ є҆́смь гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ, ѿлꙋчи́вый ва́съ ѿ всѣ́хъ ꙗ҆зы̑къ бы́ти мои́ми.

27

And [as for] a man or woman whosoever of them shall have in them a divining spirit, or be an enchanter, let them both die the death: ye shall stone them with stones, they are guilty.

Καὶ ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνή, ὃς ἂν γένηται αὐτῶν ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἢ ἐπαοιδός, θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι· λίθοις λιθοβολήσετε αὐτούς, ἔνοχοί εἰσι.

И҆ мꙋ́жъ и҆лѝ жена̀ и҆́же а҆́ще бꙋ́детъ ѿ ни́хъ чревоба́сникъ и҆лѝ волше́бникъ, сме́ртїю да ᲂу҆́мрꙋтъ ѻ҆́ба: ка́менїемъ да побїе́те и҆̀хъ, пови́нни сꙋ́ть.