Leviticus 11
Commentary from 9 fathers
And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,
ΚΑΙ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ ᾿Ααρὼν λέγων·
И҆ речѐ гдⷭ҇ь къ мѡѷсе́ю и҆ а҆арѡ́нꙋ, гл҃ѧ:
Speak ye to the sons of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat of all beasts that are upon the earth.
λαλήσατε τοῖς υἱοῖς ᾿Ισραὴλ λέγοντες· ταῦτα τὰ κτήνη, ἃ φάγεσθε ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς·
рцы́те сынѡ́мъ і҆и҃лєвымъ, глаго́люще: сі́и ско́ти, и҆̀хже и҆́мате ꙗ҆́сти ѿ всѣ́хъ скотѡ́въ, и҆̀же на землѝ:
But of these ye shall not eat, of those that chew the cud, and of those that part the hoofs, and divide claws; the camel, because it chews the cud, but does not divide the hoof, this is unclean to you.
πλὴν ἀπὸ τούτων οὐ φάγεσθε, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀναγόντων μηρυκισμὸν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν διχηλούντων τὰς ὁπλὰς καὶ ὀνυχιζόντων ὀνυχιστῆρας· τὸν κάμηλον, ὅτι ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν τοῦτο, ὁπλὴν δὲ οὐ διχηλεῖ, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν·
то́кмѡ ѿ си́хъ да не снѣ́сте ѿ ѿрыга́ющихъ жва́нїе и҆ ѿ раздвоѧ́ющихъ кѡпы́та и҆ дѣлѧ́щихъ па́знѡкти: вельблю́да, ꙗ҆́кѡ се́й и҆зно́ситъ жва́нїе, но па́зноктей не дѣли́тъ на дво́е, нечи́стъ се́й ва́мъ:
4–19Fish with rough scales are considered clean, just as persons with austere, rough, unpolished, steadfast and grave traits are commended. Fish without scales are considered unclean, just as loose, fickle, insincere and effeminate traits are censured. What does the law mean when it states, "You shall not eat the camel"? From the example of an animal, it censures an unruly life and one distorted by unpleasantness. What does the law mean when it forbids one to partake of the flesh of swine? It condemns, you can be sure, a foul and filthy life—one that delights in sordid vices by placing its supreme good not in nobility of spirit but in the flesh alone. What does the law want to indicate when it forbids the hare? It denounces nervous, effeminate men. Who would use as food the flesh of the weasel? In it the law condemns theft.Who would dare partake of the skink? The law abhors a capricious and fickle life. Who would eat the newt? The law detests aberrations of the mind. Who would dare partake of the hawk, the kite or the eagle? The law hates marauders and those who live by violence. Who does not loathe the vulture? The law execrates those who look for booty in someone else's death. Who would eat the crow? The law detests immoral and shady intentions. When the law prohibits ostrich, it disapproves of intemperance. When it condemns the nightjar, it hates those who shun the light of truth. When it bans the swan, it loathes stiff-necked pride. When it excludes the heron, it dislikes a garrulous and undisciplined tongue. When it detests the bat, it condemns those who seek out the darkness of error that is like night. The law execrates these and similar characteristics in animals. Since the animals, however, are born with such characteristics, they are without reproach. Conversely such qualities are reprehensible in humanity, which was not created with them but learns from them by comparison with contrary nature, through the exercise of their own error.
Jewish Foods 3.13-23
And the rabbit, because it chews the cud, but does not divide the hoof, this is unclean to you.
καὶ τὸν δασύποδα, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν τοῦτο, καὶ ὁπλὴν οὐ διχηλεῖ, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν·
и҆ хїрогрѵ́лѧ, ꙗ҆́кѡ и҆зно́ситъ жва́нїе, а҆ па́зноктей не дѣли́тъ, нечи́стъ се́й ва́мъ:
And the hare, because it does not chew the cud, and does not divide the hoof, this is unclean to you.
καὶ τὸν χοιρογρύλλιον, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν τοῦτο, καὶ ὁπλὴν οὐ διχηλεῖ, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν·
и҆ за́ѧца, и҆́же ѿрыга́етъ жва́нїе, но па́зноктей не дѣли́тъ на дво́е, нечи́стъ се́й ва́мъ:
And the swine, because this [animal] divides the hoof, and makes claws of the hoof, and it does not chew the cud, is unclean to you.
καὶ τὸν ὗν, ὅτι διχηλεῖ ὁπλὴν τοῦτο, καὶ ὀνυχίζει ὄνυχας ὁπλῆς, καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀνάγει μηρυκισμόν, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν·
и҆ свинїѝ, ꙗ҆́кѡ дѣли́тъ па́знѡкти на дво́е и҆ копы́то раздвоѧ́етъ, но не ѿрыга́етъ жва́нїѧ, нечиста̀ сїѧ̀ ва́мъ:
The all-wise Educator, by the lips of Moses, compared association with corrupt men to living with swine when he forbade the ancient people to partake of swine. He made it plain in those words that they who invoke God should not seek the company of the unclean who, like swine, revel in bodily pleasures and filthy habits of life and impure delights, itching for evil-minded pleasures of sex.
The Instructor Book 3
It is then proper that the barbarian philosophy, on which it is our business to speak, should prophesy also obscurely and by symbols, as was evinced. Such are the injunctions of Moses: “These common things, the sow, the hawk, the eagle and the raven, are not to be eaten.” For the sow is the emblem of voluptuous and unclean lust of food and lecherous and filthy licentiousness in venery, always prurient, and material, and lying in the mire and fattening for slaughter and destruction.
The Stromata Book 5
Ye shall not eat of their flesh, and ye shall not touch their carcases; these are unclean to you.
ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν αὐτῶν οὐ φάγεσθε καὶ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν οὐχ ἅψεσθε, ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτα ὑμῖν.
ѿ мѧ́съ и҆́хъ да не ꙗ҆́сте и҆ мертвечи́нѣ и҆́хъ да не прикаса́етесѧ, нечи̑ста сїѧ̑ ва́мъ.
And these [are] what ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all things that have fins and scales in the waters, and in the seas, and in the brooks, these ye shall eat.
Καὶ ταῦτα, ἃ φάγεσθε ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι· πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς πτερύγια καὶ λεπίδες ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις καὶ ἐν τοῖς χειμάρροις, ταῦτα φάγεσθε.
И҆ сїѧ̑ да ꙗ҆́сте ѿ всѣ́хъ, ꙗ҆̀же въ вода́хъ: всѧ̑, и҆̀мже сꙋ́ть пе́рїе и҆ чешꙋѧ̀ въ вода́хъ, и҆ въ морѧ́хъ и҆ въ є҆зе́рахъ, сїѧ̑ да ꙗ҆́сте:
And all things which have not fins or scales in the water, or in the seas, and in the brooks, of all which the waters produce, and of every soul living in the water, are an abomination; and they shall be abominations to you.
καὶ πάντα ὅσα οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς πτερύγια, οὐδὲ λεπίδες ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, ἢ ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις καὶ ἐν τοῖς χειμάρροις, ἀπὸ πάντων, ὧν ἐρεύγεται τὰ ὕδατα, καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ψυχῆς τῆς ζώσης ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, βδέλυγμά ἐστι·
и҆ всѣ̑мъ, и҆̀мже нѣ́сть пе́рїѧ ни чешꙋѝ въ вода́хъ, и҆ въ морѧ́хъ и҆ въ є҆зе́рахъ, ѿ всѣ́хъ, ꙗ҆̀же и҆зно́сѧтъ во́ды, и҆ всѧ́ка дꙋша̀ живꙋ́щаѧ въ водѣ̀, скве́рна є҆́сть, и҆ сквє́рна да бꙋ́дꙋтъ ва́мъ:
Hence again, fish that do not have fins are forbidden from being eaten by the faithful people. For fish that have scale-fins are also accustomed to leap above the waters. What therefore is figured by finned fish except elect souls? These alone indeed pass into the body of the heavenly Church, who, supported by the fins of virtues, know how to leap through heavenly desire, so that they may reach toward things above through contemplation, although they fall back again into themselves from mortal flesh.
Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 31
Ye shall not eat of their flesh, and ye shall abhor their carcases.
καὶ βδελύγματα ἔσονται ὑμῖν· ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔδεσθε καὶ τὰ θνησιμαῖα αὐτῶν βδελύξεσθε·
ѿ мѧ́съ и҆́хъ да не ꙗ҆ди́те и҆ мертвечи́ны и҆́хъ гнꙋша́йтесѧ:
And all things that have not fins or scales of those that are in the waters, these are an abomination to you.
καὶ πάντα ὅσα οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς πτερύγια, οὐδὲ λεπίδες, τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι, βδέλυγμα τοῦτό ἐστιν ὑμῖν.
и҆ всѧ̑, и҆̀мже нѣ́сть пе́рїѧ и҆ чешꙋѝ, и҆̀же въ вода́хъ, сквє́рна сїѧ̑ сꙋ́ть ва́мъ.
And these are the things which ye shall abhor of birds, and they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle and the ossifrage, and the sea-eagle.
Καὶ ταῦτα, ἃ βδελύξεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν πετεινῶν, καὶ οὐ βρωθήσεται, βδέλυγμά ἐστι· τὸν ἀετὸν καὶ τὸν γρύπα καὶ τὸν ἁλιαίετον
И҆ си́хъ гнꙋша́йтесѧ ѿ пти́цъ, и҆ да не ꙗ҆́сте и҆́хъ, гнꙋ́сни сꙋ́ть: ѻ҆рла̀ и҆ грѵ́фа и҆ морска́гѡ ѻ҆рла̀,
13–14He adds too that they are not to eat “kite or mastophage or eagle,” meaning “You shall not go near those who make their livelihood by plundering others.” He says other similar things under some sort of allegory.
The Instructor Book 3
And the vulture, and the kite, and the like to it;
καὶ τὸν γύπα καὶ τὸν ἴκτινον καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ
и҆ неѧ́сыти и҆ і҆кті́на и҆ подо́бныхъ си̑мъ:
and the sparrow, and the owl, and the sea-mew, and the like to it:
καὶ στρουθὸν καὶ γλαῦκα καὶ λάρον καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ
и҆ стрꙋ́ѳа и҆ совы̀, и҆ сꙋхола́плѧ и҆ подо́бныхъ и҆̀мъ:
and every raven, and the birds like it, and the hawk and his like,
καὶ πάντα κόρακα καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ καὶ ἱέρακα καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ
и҆ всѧ́кагѡ вра́на и҆ подо́бныхъ є҆мꙋ̀: и҆ ꙗ҆́стреба и҆ подо́бныхъ є҆мꙋ̀:
and the night-raven and the cormorant and the stork,
καὶ νυκτικόρακα καὶ καταρράκτην καὶ ἶβιν
и҆ вра́на нощна́гѡ и҆ лили́ка и҆ і҆́вїна,
and the red-bill, and the pelican, and swan,
καὶ πορφυρίωνα καὶ πελεκᾶνα καὶ κύκνον
и҆ порфѷрїѡ́на и҆ пелека́на и҆ ле́бедѧ,
and the heron, and the lapwing, and the like to it, and the hoopoe and the bat.
καὶ ἐρωδιὸν καὶ χαραδριόν, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ καὶ ἔποπα καὶ νυκτερίδα
и҆ є҆рѡді́а и҆ харадрїо́на и҆ подо́бныхъ є҆мꙋ̀: и҆ вдо́да и҆ нощна́гѡ нетопырѧ̀.
And all winged creatures that creep, which go upon four feet, are abominations to you.
καὶ πάντα τὰ ἑρπετὰ τῶν πετεινῶν, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τέσσαρα, βδελύγματά ἐστιν ὑμῖν.
И҆ всѧ̑ га́ды пти̑чїѧ, и҆̀же хо́дѧтъ на четы́рехъ, ме́рзость є҆́сть ва́мъ:
But these ye shall eat of the creeping winged animals, which go upon four feet, which have legs above their feet, to leap with on the earth.
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα φάγεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν πετεινῶν, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τέσσαρα, ἃ ἔχει σκέλη ἀνώτερον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ, πηδᾶν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.
но сїѧ̑ да ꙗ҆́сте ѿ всѣ́хъ га̑дъ пти́чныхъ, и҆̀же хо́дѧтъ четверонѡ́жны, и҆̀же и҆́мꙋтъ го́лєни вы́ше плеснꙋ̑ своє́ю, скака́ти и҆́ми по землѝ:
And these of them ye shall eat: the caterpillar and his like, and the attacus and his like, and the cantharus and his like, and the locust and his like.
καὶ ταῦτα φάγεσθε ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν· τὸν βροῦχον καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ καὶ τὸν ἀττάκην καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ καὶ ὀφιομάχην καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἀκρίδα καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῇ.
и҆ сїѧ̑ да ꙗ҆́сте {Въ Ѻ҆стро́жской, и҆ съ неѧ̀ печа́танной пре́жде въ москвѣ̀, пред̾ си́мъ сло́вомъ ꙗ҆́сте, приложено̀ не, но тогѡ̀ во всѣ́хъ гре́ч. не и҆мѣ́етсѧ.} ѿ си́хъ: врꙋ́ха и҆ подѡ́бнаѧ є҆мꙋ̀, и҆ а҆тта́ка и҆ подѡ́бнаѧ є҆мꙋ̀, ѻ҆фїо́маха и҆ є҆́же подо́бно къ немꙋ̀, и҆ а҆крі́дꙋ и҆ подѡ́бнаѧ є҆́й:
Every creeping thing from among the birds, which has four feet, is an abomination to you.
πᾶν ἑρπετὸν ἀπὸ τῶν πετεινῶν, οἷς εἰσι τέσσαρες πόδες, βδελύγματά ἐστιν ὑμῖν,
и҆ всѧ́къ га́дъ ѿ пти́цъ, и҆̀мже сꙋ́ть четы́ри но́ги, ме́рзость є҆́сть ва́мъ, и҆ въ си́хъ да не ѡ҆скверните́сѧ:
And by these ye shall be defiled; every one that touches their carcases shall be unclean till the evening.
καὶ ἐν τούτοις μιανθήσεσθε, πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας,
всѧ́къ прикаса́ѧйсѧ мертвечи́нѣ и҆́хъ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера:
And every one that takes of their dead bodies shall wash his garments, and shall be unclean till the evening.
καὶ πᾶς ὁ αἴρων τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.
и҆ всѧ́къ взе́млѧй мертвечи́нꙋ и҆́хъ да и҆змы́етъ ри̑зы своѧ̑ и҆ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера.
And whichever among the beasts divides the hoof and makes claws, and does not chew the cud, shall be unclean to you; every one that touches their dead bodies shall be unclean till evening.
καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς κτήνεσιν, ὅ ἐστι διχηλοῦν ὁπλήν, καὶ ὀνυχιστῆρας ὀνυχίζει καὶ μηρυκισμὸν οὐ μηρυκᾶται, ἀκάθαρτα ἔσονται ὑμῖν· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.
Во всѣ́хъ скотѣ́хъ, и҆́же раздвоѧ́етъ копы́то и҆ па́знѡкти и҆мѣ́етъ, а҆ жва́нїѧ не ѿрыга́етъ, нечи̑ста да бꙋ́дꙋтъ ва́мъ: всѧ́къ прикаса́ѧйсѧ мертвечи́нѣ и҆́хъ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ да́же до ве́чера:
And every one among all the wild beasts that moves upon its fore feet, which goes on all four, is unclean to you; every one that touches their dead bodies shall be unclean till evening.
καὶ πᾶς ὃς πορεύεται ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς θηρίοις, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπί τέσσαρα, ἀκάθαρτά ἐστιν ὑμῖν· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας,
и҆ всѧ́къ и҆́же хо́дитъ на ла́пахъ, во всѣ́хъ ѕвѣре́хъ, и҆̀же хо́дѧтъ на четы́рехъ, нечи̑ста бꙋ́дꙋтъ ва́мъ: всѧ́къ прикаса́ѧйсѧ мертвечи́нѣ и҆́хъ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера:
And he that takes of their dead bodies shall wash his garments, and shall be unclean till evening: these are unclean to you.
καὶ ὁ αἴρων τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας· ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτά ἐστιν ὑμῖν.
и҆ взе́млѧй мертвечи́нꙋ и҆́хъ да и҆спере́тъ ри̑зы своѧ̑ и҆ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера: нечи̑ста сїѧ̑ бꙋ́дꙋтъ ва́мъ.
And these [are] unclean to you of reptiles upon the earth, the weasel, and the mouse, and the lizard,
Καὶ ταῦτα ὑμῖν ἀκάθαρτα ἀπὸ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἐπί τῆς γῆς· ἡ γαλῆ καὶ ὁ μῦς καὶ ὁ κροκόδειλος ὁ χερσαῖος,
И҆ сїѧ̑ ва́мъ нечи̑ста ѿ га̑дъ плѣ́жꙋщихъ по землѝ: ла́сица и҆ мы́шъ и҆ крокоди́лъ земны́й,
the ferret, and the chameleon, and the evet, and the newt, and the mole.
μυγάλη καὶ χαμαιλέων, καὶ χαλαβώτης καὶ σαῦρα καὶ ἀσπάλαξ.
мѷга́ли и҆ хамелеѡ́нъ, и҆ халавѡ́тисъ и҆ ꙗ҆́щеръ и҆ кроторы́ѧ:
These are unclean to you of all the reptiles which are on the earth; every one who touches their carcases shall be unclean till evening.
ταῦτα ἀκάθαρτα ὑμῖν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος αὐτῶν τεθνηκότων ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.
сі́и нечи́сти ва́мъ ѿ всѣ́хъ га̑дъ плѣ́жꙋщихъ по землѝ: всѧ́къ прикаса́ѧйсѧ мертвечи́нѣ и҆́хъ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера.
And on whatsoever one of their dead bodies shall fall it shall be unclean; whatever wooden vessel, or garment, or skin, or sack it may be, every vessel in which work should be done, shall be dipped in water, and shall be unclean till evening; and [then] it shall be clean.
καὶ πᾶν, ἐφ᾿ ὃ ἂν ἐπιπέσῃ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ τεθνηκότων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται ἀπὸ παντὸς σκεύους ξυλίνου ἢ ἱματίου ἢ δέρματος ἢ σάκκου· πᾶν σκεῦος, ὃ ἂν ποιηθῇ ἔργον ἐν αὐτῷ, εἰς ὕδωρ βαφήσεται καὶ ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας· καὶ καθαρὸν ἔσται.
И҆ всѧ́ко, въ не́же а҆́ще впаде́тъ ѿ ни́хъ нѣ́что ѿ мертвечи́ны и҆́хъ, нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ всѧ́къ сосꙋ́дъ древѧ́нъ, и҆лѝ ри́за, и҆лѝ ко́жа, и҆лѝ вре́тище: всѧ́кїй сосꙋ́дъ, въ не́мже твори́тсѧ дѣ́ло, въ водѣ̀ погрꙋзи́тсѧ и҆ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера, и҆ по си́хъ чи́стъ бꙋ́детъ:
And every earthen vessel into which one of these things shall fall, whatsoever is inside it, shall be unclean, and it shall be broken.
καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ὀστράκινον, εἰς ὃ ἐὰν πέσῃ ἀπὸ τούτων ἔνδον, ὅσα ἐὰν ἔνδον ᾖ, ἀκάθαρτα ἔσται, καὶ αὐτὸ συντριβήσεται.
и҆ всѧ́къ сосꙋ́дъ гли́нѧнъ, во́ньже а҆́ще впаде́тъ ѿ си́хъ внꙋ́трь, є҆ли̑ка сꙋ́ть въ не́мъ, нечи̑ста бꙋ́дꙋтъ, и҆ сосꙋ́дъ да разбїе́тсѧ.
And all food that is eaten, on which water shall come [from such a vessel], shall be unclean; and every beverage which is drunk in any [such] vessel, shall be unclean.
καὶ πᾶν βρῶμα, ὃ ἔσθεται, εἰς ὃ ἂν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ ὕδωρ, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται· καὶ πᾶν ποτόν, ὃ πίνεται ἐν παντὶ ἀγγείῳ, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται.
И҆ всѧ́ка снѣ́дь ю҆́же ꙗ҆́сте, на ню́же а҆́ще возлїе́тсѧ вода̀, нечи́ста бꙋ́детъ ва́мъ: и҆ всѧ́кое питїѐ, є҆́же пїе́те во всѧ́комъ сосꙋ́дѣ, нечи́сто бꙋ́детъ (ва́мъ):
And every thing on which there shall fall of their dead bodies shall be unclean; ovens and stands for jars shall be broken down: these are unclean, and they shall be unclean to you.
καὶ πᾶν, ὃ ἐὰν ἐπιπέσῃ ἀπὸ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτό, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται· κλίβανοι καὶ χυτρόποδες καθαιρεθήσονται· ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτά ἐστι καὶ ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτα ὑμῖν ἔσονται·
и҆ всѐ, є҆́же а҆́ще впаде́тъ въ нѐ ѿ мертвечи́ны и҆́хъ, нечи́сто бꙋ́детъ: пє́щи и҆ ѻ҆гни̑ща да сокрꙋша́тсѧ, нечи̑ста сїѧ̑ сꙋ́ть и҆ нечи̑ста бꙋ́дꙋтъ ва́мъ.
Only [if the water be] of fountains of water, or a pool, or confluence of water, it shall be clean; but he that touches their carcases shall be unclean.
πλὴν πηγῶν ὑδάτων καὶ λάκκου καὶ συναγωγῆς ὕδατος, ἔσται καθαρόν· ὁ δὲ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται.
Кромѣ̀ и҆стѡ́чникъ водны́хъ, и҆ потѡ́къ, и҆ собра́нїй водны́хъ, бꙋ́дꙋтъ чи́сти: а҆ и҆́же прикаса́етсѧ мертвечи́намъ и҆́хъ, нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ.
And if one of their carcases should fall upon any sowing seed which shall be sown, it shall be clean.
ἐὰν δὲ ἐπιπέσῃ ἀπὸ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πᾶν σπέρμα σπόριμον, ὃ σπαρήσεται, καθαρὸν ἔσται.
А҆́ще же впаде́тъ ѿ мертвечи́ны и҆́хъ на всѧ́ко сѣ́мѧ сѣ́мѧнное, є҆́же сѣ́етсѧ, чи́сто бꙋ́детъ:
But if water be poured on any seed, and one of their dead bodies fall upon it, it is unclean to you.
ἐὰν δὲ ἐπιχυθῇ ὕδωρ ἐπί πᾶν σπέρμα καὶ ἐπιπέσῃ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτό, ἀκάθαρτόν ἐστιν ὑμῖν.
а҆́ще же возлїе́тсѧ вода̀ на всѧ́ко сѣ́мѧ, и҆ впаде́тъ ѿ мертвечи́ны и҆́хъ на нѐ, нечи́сто бꙋ́детъ ва́мъ.
And if one of the cattle die, which it is lawful for you to eat, he that touches their carcases shall be unclean till evening.
ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ τῶν κτηνῶν, ὃ ἐστιν ὑμῖν φαγεῖν τοῦτο, ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας·
А҆́ще же ᲂу҆́мретъ ѿ скота̀, є҆го́же ва́мъ ꙗ҆́сти, прикаса́ѧйсѧ мертвечи́нѣ є҆гѡ̀, нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера:
And he that eats of their carcases shall wash his garments, and be unclean till evening; and he that carries any of their carcases shall wash his garments, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean till evening.
καὶ ὁ ἐσθίων ἀπὸ τῶν θνησιμαίων τούτων πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας· καὶ ὁ αἴρων ἀπὸ θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λούσεται ὕδατι καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.
и҆ ꙗ҆ды́й ѿ мертвечи́нъ си́хъ да и҆спере́тъ ри̑зы своѧ̑ и҆ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера: и҆ взе́млѧй мертвечи́нꙋ и҆́хъ да и҆змы́етъ ри̑зы своѧ̑ и҆ и҆змы́етсѧ водо́ю, и҆ нечи́стъ бꙋ́детъ до ве́чера.
And every reptile that creeps on the earth, this shall be an abomination to you; it shall not be eaten.
Καὶ πᾶν ἑρπετόν, ὃ ἕρπει ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, βδέλυγμα ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν, οὐ βρωθήσεται.
И҆ всѧ́къ га́дъ плѣ́жꙋщїй по землѝ ме́рзость ва́мъ є҆́сть сїѐ, да не снѣ́стсѧ.
And every [animal] that creeps on its belly, and every one that goes on four [feet] continually, which abounds with feet among all the reptiles creeping upon the earth-- ye shall not eat it, for it is an abomination to you.
καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ κοιλίας καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ τέσσαρα διαπαντός, ὃ πολυπληθεῖ ποσὶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτό, ὅτι βδέλυγμα ὑμῖν ἐστι.
И҆ всѧ́ко ходѧ́щее на чре́вѣ, и҆ всѧ́ко ходѧ́щее на четы́рехъ всегда̀, и҆ (всѧ́ко) многоно́жное во всѣ́хъ га́дѣхъ, и҆̀же плѣ́жꙋтъ по землѝ, да не снѣ́сте є҆̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ ме́рзость ва́мъ є҆́сть:
And ye shall not defile your souls with any of the reptiles that creep upon the earth, and ye shall not be polluted with them, and ye shall not be unclean by them.
καὶ οὐ μὴ βδελύξητε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ οὐ μιανθήσεσθε ἐν τούτοις καὶ οὐκ ἀκάθαρτοι ἔσεσθε ἐν αὐτοῖς,
и҆ да не ѡ҆мерзитѐ дꙋ́шъ ва́шихъ во всѣ́хъ га́дѣхъ плѣ́жꙋщихъ по землѝ, и҆ да не ѡ҆скверните́сѧ и҆́ми, и҆ да не бꙋ́дете нечи́сти въ ни́хъ,
For I am the Lord your God; and ye shall be sanctified, and ye shall be holy, because I the Lord your God am holy; and ye shall not defile your souls with any of the reptiles creeping upon the earth.
ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν, καὶ ἁγιασθήσεσθε καὶ ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἅγιός εἰμι ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν, καὶ οὐ μιανεῖτε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς κινουμένοις ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς·
ꙗ҆́кѡ а҆́зъ є҆́смь гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ: и҆ да ѡ҆свѧтите́сѧ и҆ бꙋ́дете свѧ́ти, ꙗ҆́кѡ ст҃ъ є҆́смь а҆́зъ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ ва́шъ: и҆ да не ѡ҆скверни́те дꙋ́шъ ва́шихъ во всѣ́хъ га́дѣхъ дви́жꙋщихсѧ по землѝ,
44–45Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ; As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves according to the former lusts in your ignorance: But as he which hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation; Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy. [Leviticus 11:44-45] And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear: Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot: Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, Who by him do believe in God, that raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory; that your faith and hope might be in God. Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently: Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever. For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away: But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.
“Be holy, says the Lord, for I am holy.” The apostles boasted that they had left all things and had followed the Savior. We do not read that they left anything except their ship and their nets; yet they were crowned with the approval of him who was to be their judge. Why? Because in offering up themselves they had indeed left all that they had.
Letter 118.5
He himself says, “Be holy, for I am holy,” that is to say, choose me and keep away from what displeases me. Do what I love; love what I do. If what I order seems difficult, come back to me who ordered it, so that from where the command was given help might be offered. I who furnished the desire will not refuse support. Fast from contradiction, abstain from opposition. Let me be your food and drink. None desire in vain what is mine, for those who stretch out toward me seek me because I first sought them.
Sermon 94.2
Pious souls of the Lord, what the Lord admonishes us is not to be considered merely in passing, for he says, “Be holy because I am holy.” Although this term properly belongs to all the Christian people, according to what blessed Peter says, “You, however, are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation,” this term seems particularly to apply to all priests in a special way. In all the letters which are addressed to the Lord’s priests by any men whatsoever, it is specially indicated that they are holy. Since then this term is applied to us, we ought to inquire what precisely is its meaning. It is only through Greek that the interpretation of this word holy can be discovered. For agios is the Greek for “holy,” and agios has the meaning “not of the earth.” Therefore if we are more solicitous for heavenly things than for those of earth, this term is not unfittingly applied to us.
Sermon 1.19
For I am the Lord who brought you up out of the land of Egypt to be your God; and ye shall be holy, for I the Lord am holy.
ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου εἶναι ὑμῶν Θεός, καὶ ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι, ὅτι ἅγιός εἰμι ἐγὼ Κύριος.
ꙗ҆́кѡ а҆́зъ є҆́смь гдⷭ҇ь, и҆зведы́й ва́съ и҆з̾ землѝ є҆гѵ́петскїѧ, да бꙋ́дꙋ ва́мъ бг҃ъ, и҆ бꙋ́дете свѧ́ти, ꙗ҆́кѡ ст҃ъ є҆́смь а҆́зъ гдⷭ҇ь.
This is the law concerning beasts and birds and every living creature moving in the water, and every living creature creeping on the earth;
Οὗτος ὁ νόμος περὶ τῶν κτηνῶν καὶ τῶν πετεινῶν καὶ πάσης ψυχῆς τῆς κινουμένης ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ πάσης ψυχῆς ἑρπούσης ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς,
Се́й зако́нъ ѡ҆ скотѣ́хъ и҆ ѡ҆ пти́цахъ, и҆ всѧ́кой дꙋшѝ дви́жꙋщейсѧ въ вода́хъ и҆ всѧ́кой дꙋшѝ пресмыка́ющейсѧ по землѝ,
to distinguish between the unclean and the clean; and between those that bring forth alive, such as should be eaten, and those that bring forth alive, such as should not be eaten.
διαστεῖλαι ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ἀκαθάρτων καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν καθαρῶν καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ζωογονούντων τὰ ἐσθιόμενα, καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ζωογονούντων τὰ μὴ ἐσθιόμενα.
разлꙋчи́ти междꙋ̀ нечи́стыми и҆ междꙋ̀ чи́стыми, и҆ наꙋчи́ти сы́ны і҆и҃лєвы междꙋ̀ ѡ҆живлѧ́ющими ꙗ҆дѡ́маѧ и҆ междꙋ̀ ѡ҆живлѧ́ющими не ꙗ҆дѡ́маѧ.
Every beast parting the hoof and making divisions of two claws, and chewing the cud among beasts, these ye shall eat.
πᾶν κτῆνος διχηλοῦν ὁπλὴν καὶ ὀνυχιστῆρας ὀνυχίζον δύο χηλῶν καὶ ἀνάγον μηρυκισμὸν ἐν τοῖς κτήνεσι, ταῦτα φάγεσθε.
всѧ́къ ско́тъ раздвоѧ́ющь копы́то и҆ па́знѡкти и҆мѣ́ющь на дво́е, и҆ ѿрыга́ѧй жва́нїе въ скотѣ́хъ, сїѧ̑ да ꙗ҆́сте: