Daniel 6
Commentary from 16 fathers
and over them three governors, of whom one was, Daniel; for the satraps to give account to them, that the king should not be troubled.
καὶ ἐπάνω αὐτῶν τακτικοὺς τρεῖς, ὧν ἦν Δανιὴλ εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν, τοῦ ἀποδιδόναι αὐτοῖς τοὺς σατράπας λόγον, ὅπως ὁ βασιλεὺς μὴ ἐνοχλῆται.
над̾ ни́ми же трѝ чино́вники, ѿ ни́хже бѣ̀ данїи́лъ є҆ди́нъ, дабы̀ ѿдава́ли и҆̀мъ кнѧ̑зи сло́во, ꙗ҆́кѡ да царю̀ не стꙋжа́ютъ.
Normally, in fact, those entrusted with kingship or any other rule confide least in the people closest to their predecessors; but Daniel enjoyed the same trust from all, receiving equal privileges and being entrusted with the same governance—hence, of course, his becoming one of the three supervisors under Darius. Now, by “supervisors” I think there is reference to what are now called viceroys, and by “satraps” to the governors of the nations, Daniel being one of the supervisors.
Commentary on Daniel 6:1-2
And Daniel was over them, for [there was] an excellent spirit in him; and the king set him over all his kingdom.
καὶ ἦν Δανιὴλ ὑπὲρ αὐτούς, ὅτι πνεῦμα περισσὸν ἐν αὐτῷ. καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς κατέστησεν αὐτὸν ἐφ’ ὅλης τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ.
И҆ бѣ̀ данїи́лъ над̾ ни́ми, ꙗ҆́кѡ дꙋ́хъ бѧ́ше преиз̾ѻби́ленъ въ не́мъ, и҆ ца́рь поста́ви є҆го̀ над̾ всѣ́мъ ца́рствомъ свои́мъ.
3–4Verses 3, 4. "Moreover the king was planning to set Daniel over the whole realm. Consequently the princes and satraps sought an opportunity to find out something against Daniel as touching the king..." Instead of "princes" - the rendering used by Symmachus - Theodotion translated it as taktikoi, and Aquila as synektikoi. And when I inquired as to who these tacticians or liaison princes might be, I read it more clearly specified in the Septuagint, which renders: "...and the two men whom the king had appointed with Daniel, and also the one hundred twenty satraps." And so it was the fact that the king was planning to appoint Daniel as chief ruler even over the two princes who had been associated with him in a triumvirate that gave rise to the envy and intrigue. They sought an opportunity to find out something against Daniel as touching the king. And in this passage the Jews have ventured some such deduction as this: the side of the king is tantamount to the queen or his concubines and other wives who slept at his side. And so they were seeking for a pretext in things of this sort, to see whether they could accuse Daniel of wrong in his speech or touch or movements of his head or any of his sensory organs. But, say the Jews, they could find no cause for suspicion whatsoever. Since he was a eunuch, they could not even accuse him on the score of lewdness. This interpretation was made by those, who make a practice of fabricating long tales on the pretext of a single word. I myself would simply interpret this as meaning that they were unable to discover any pretext of accusation against him in any matter in which he had injured the king, for the simple reason that he was a faithful man and no suspicion of blame was discoverable in him. Instead of "suspicion" Theodotion and Aquila have rendered "offense" (amblakema), which is essaitha in the Chaldee. And when I asked a Jew for the meaning of this word, he replied that the basic significance of it was "snare," and we may render it as a "lure" or sphalma, that is, a "mistake." Furthermore Euripides in his "Medea" equates the word amplakiai (spelling it with a p instead of a b) to hamartiai, that is to say, "sins."
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
[Daniel] had received from God a greater and more abundant grace. Now, from this we learn that to those also who are entrusted with conduct of earthly affairs, even if unsympathetic to religion, a grace of wisdom is given from God for their management of those they rule. Blessed Daniel implied as much in saying, “Because there was an extraordinary spirit in him,” that is, he had received the grace in keeping with his religious sentiments.
Commentary on Daniel 6:3
Then the governors and satraps sought to find occasion against Daniel; but they found against him no occasion, nor trespass, nor error, because he was faithful.
καὶ οἱ τακτικοὶ καὶ οἱ σατράπαι, ἐζήτουν πρόφασιν εὑρεῖν κατὰ Δανιήλ· καὶ πᾶσαν πρόφασιν καὶ παράπτωμα καὶ ἀμπλάκημα οὐχ εὗρον κατ’ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι πιστὸς ἦν.
Чинѡ́вницы же и҆ кнѧ̑зи и҆ска́хꙋ вины̀ ѡ҆брѣстѝ на данїи́ла: и҆ всѧ́кїѧ вины̀ и҆ собла́зна и҆ грѣха̀ не ѡ҆брѣто́ша на него̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ вѣ́ренъ бѧ́ше.
And the governors said, We shall not find occasion against Daniel, except in the ordinances of his God.
καὶ εἶπον οἱ τακτικοί· οὐχ εὑρήσομεν κατὰ Δανιὴλ πρόφασιν, εἰ μὴ ἐν νομίμοις Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ. -
И҆ рѣ́ша чинѡ́вницы не ѡ҆брѧ́щемъ на данїи́ла вины̀, а҆́ще не въ зако́нѣхъ бг҃а є҆гѡ̀.
Verse 5. "Therefore those men said: 'We will not find any pretext against Daniel, except perhaps in the law of his God.'" Blessed indeed is a life so led that even enemies can find no cause for accusation, except perhaps in matter pertaining to God's law.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Then the governors and satraps stood by the king, and said to him, King Darius, live for ever.
Τότε οἱ τακτικοὶ καὶ οἱ σατράπαι παρέστησαν τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Δαρεῖε βασιλεῦ, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ζῆθι·
Тогда̀ чинѡ́вницы и҆ кнѧ̑зи предста́ша царю̀ и҆ рѣ́ша є҆мꙋ̀: да́рїе царю̀, во вѣ́ки живѝ:
Verse 6. "Then the princes and satraps privily withdrew to the king and thus spoke to him." It was well said that they privily withdrew for they did not come right out with what they were aiming at, but contrived their plot against a private enemy on the pretext of honoring the king.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
All who preside over thy kingdom, captains and satraps, chiefs and local governors, have taken counsel together, to establish by a royal statute and to confirm a decree, that whosoever shall ask a petition of any god or man for thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions.
συνεβουλεύσαντο πάντες οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας σου στρατηγοὶ καὶ σατράπαι, ὕπατοι καὶ τοπάρχαι, τοῦ στῆσαι στάσει βασιλικῇ καὶ ἐνισχῦσαι ὁρισμόν, ὅπως ὃς ἂν αἰτήσῃ αἴτημα παρὰ παντὸς θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπου ἕως ἡμερῶν τριάκοντα, ἀλλ’ ἢ παρὰ σοῦ, βασιλεῦ, ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὸν λάκκον τῶν λεόντων.
совѣща́ша всѝ и҆̀же во ца́рствѣ твое́мъ воевѡ́ды и҆ кнѧ̑зи, ѵ҆па́ти и҆ ѡ҆блада́ющїи страна́ми, є҆́же ᲂу҆ста́вити ᲂу҆ста́въ ца́рскїй и҆ ᲂу҆крѣпи́ти предѣ́лъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ а҆́ще кто̀ попро́ситъ проше́нїѧ ѿ всѧ́кагѡ бо́га и҆ человѣ́ка до дні́й три́десѧти, ра́звѣ то́чїю ѿ тебє̀, царю̀, да вве́рженъ бꙋ́детъ въ ро́въ ле́вскїй:
Nothing is more repugnant than envy: it pressured them into committing impiety and caused an impious decree to be published forbidding those intent on offering prayers to God; they prevented not only themselves from doing it but also all others subject to royal control.… In surrendering their mind’s eye to envy, they did not understand that the king could not supply everything to petitioners, like health, life, fathering children, abundance of rain and anything else that we receive when we ask it of God. Losing their senses, however, they ascribed to the king what belongs to God and persuaded the foolish king to reach the same verdict and ratify their request.
Commentary on Daniel 6:6-9
Now then, O king, establish the decree, and publish a writ, that the decree of the Persians and Medes be not changed.
νῦν οὖν, βασιλεῦ, στῆσον τὸν ὁρισμὸν καὶ ἔκθες γραφήν, ὅπως μὴ ἀλλοιωθῇ τὸ δόγμα Περσῶν καὶ Μήδων.
нн҃ѣ ᲂу҆̀бо, царю̀, ᲂу҆ста́ви предѣ́лъ и҆ положѝ писа́нїе, ꙗ҆́кѡ да не и҆змѣни́тсѧ за́повѣдь ми́дска и҆ пе́рсска, (да никто́же престꙋ́питъ є҆ѧ̀).
Darius, as he loved quietness and inactivity and found work and business unpleasing, left the care of the empire to his prefects, and for this reason the Scripture adds, he set over the kingdom satraps, that is, 120 governors. And over them he placed three presidents, including Daniel. Then they asked him to set an interdict according to the law of the Medes and Persians. Indeed, among the Persians and the Medes, a law stated that when the king had set a certain rule, it was not permitted to rescind it. So the satraps asked the king for this kind of firm and immutable decree; and they were certain that the king would have not rescinded such a decree in order to save Daniel. It is likely that Daniel was not present in the hall of justice on that day, when the king argued from morning till evening with his satraps in order to save Daniel. If he had been present, he would have immediately confessed that he had prayed [to God], and after the confession of the crime the trial would have not been extended until evening.
Commentary on Daniel 6:1-15
Verse 8. "Now therefore, O king, confirm the measure and write the decree so that it may not be altered, according to the custom established by the Medes and Persians." It is perfectly evident, as we have remarked above, that there was only one kingdom of the Medes and Persians both, under the rule of Darius and Cyrus.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Then king Darius commanded the decree to be written.
τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαρεῖος ἐπέταξε γραφῆναι τὸ δόγμα. -
Тогда̀ ца́рь да́рїй повелѣ̀ вписа́ти за́повѣдь.
And when Daniel knew that the decree was ordered, he went into his house; and his windows were opened in his chambers toward Jerusalem, and three times in the day he knelt upon his knees, and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as he used to do before.
Καὶ Δανιήλ, ἡνίκα ἔγνω ὅτι ἐνετάγη τὸ δόγμα, εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, καὶ αἱ θυρίδες ἀνεῳγμέναι αὐτῷ ἐν τοῖς ὑπερῴοις αὐτοῦ κατέναντι ῾Ιερουσαλήμ, καὶ καιροὺς τρεῖς τῆς ἡμέρας ἦν κάμπτων ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ καὶ προσευχόμενος καὶ ἐξομολογούμενος ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ, καθὼς ἦν ποιῶν ἔμπροσθεν.
Данїи́лъ же є҆гда̀ ᲂу҆вѣ́дѣ, ꙗ҆́кѡ за́повѣдь вчини́сѧ, вни́де въ до́мъ сво́й: двє́рцы же ѿвє́рсты є҆мꙋ̀ въ го́рницѣ є҆гѡ̀ проти́вꙋ і҆ерⷭ҇ли́ма, въ три́ же времена̀ днѐ бѧ́ше прекланѧ́ѧ кѡлѣ́на своѧ̑, молѧ́сѧ и҆ и҆сповѣ́даѧсѧ пред̾ бг҃омъ свои́мъ, ꙗ҆́коже бѣ̀ творѧ̀ пре́жде.
But let not your fasts be with the hypocrites; for they fast on the second and fifth day of the week; but do ye fast on the fourth day and the Preparation (Friday). Neither pray as the hypocrites; but as the Lord commanded in His Gospel, thus pray: Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so on earth. Give us to-day our daily (needful) bread, and forgive us our debt as we also forgive our debtors. And bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one (or, evil); for Thine is the power and the glory for ever. Thrice in the day thus pray.
The Didache, Chapter 8
Verse 10. "Now when Daniel learned of it, that is, of the law which had been enacted, he entered his house, and with the windows in his upper room opened up in the direction of Jerusalem, he continued to bow his knees three times a day and worshipped, and made confession before his God just as he was previously accustomed to do." We must quickly draw from our memory and bring together from all of Holy Scripture all the passages where we have read of domata, which mean in Latin either "walled enclosures" (menia) or "beds" or "sun-terraces," and also the references to anogaia, that is, "upper rooms." For after all, our Lord celebrated the passover in an upper room (Mark 14:15, Luke 22:12), and in the Acts of the Apostles the Holy Spirit came upon the one hundred and twenty souls of believers while they were in an upper room (Acts 1:13). And so Daniel in this case, despising the king's commands and reposing his confidence in God, does not offer his prayers in some obscure spot, but in a lofty place, and opens up his windows towards Jerusalem, from whence he looked for the peace . He prays, moreover, according to God's behest, and also according to what Solomon had said when he admonished the people that they should pray in the direction of the Temple. Furthermore, there are three times in the day when we should bow our knees unto God, and the tradition of the Church understands them to be the third hour, the sixth hour, and the ninth hour. Lastly, it was at the third hour that the Holy Spirit descended upon the Apostles (Acts 2:15) . It was at the sixth hour that Peter, purposing to eat, ascended to the upper room for prayer (Acts 10:9). It was at the ninth hour that Peter and John were on their way to the Temple (Acts 3:1).
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
And so in the monasteries of Palestine and Mesopotamia and all the East the services of the above-mentioned hours are ended each day with three psalms apiece, so that constant prayers may be offered to God at the appointed times, and yet, the spiritual duties being completed with due moderation, the necessary offices of work may not be in any way interfered with: for at these three seasons we know that Daniel the prophet also poured forth his prayers to God day by day in his chamber with the windows open. Nor is it without good reasons that these times are more particularly assigned to religious offices, since at them what completed the promises and summed up our salvation was fulfilled. For we can show that at the third hour the Holy Spirit, who had been of old promised by the prophets, descended in the first instance on the apostles assembled together for prayer.
Institutes 3:3
The psalmist instructs us to allot three periods a day to God when he says, “At evening, at morning and at midday I shall speak what I have to say, and you will hearken to my voice.” For those three periods while Daniel diligently beseeched God, not only did they obtain foreknowledge of the future, but he also merited the freedom of his people held captive for so long.
Sermon 21:6
Note how much this verse implied in a few words in mentioning the piety and courage of blessed Daniel. First, when Daniel learned that the decision has been reached, “he went into his house”—that is, when he got news of the passing of the law, he had great scorn for it and continued openly doing the opposite. It next mentions a further detail that reveals his courage: the windows were open, it says—in other words, he said his prayers not in secret but openly, with everyone watching, not for vainglory but in scorn for the impiety of the law.
Commentary on Daniel 6:10
When blessed Daniel in Babylon prayed, he opened the windows facing Jerusalem, not under the impression that God was confined there but from his knowledge that the divine manifestation occurred there.
Commentary on Psalm 28:2
He did this not only to provoke his accusers but also to fulfill an ancient law: when Solomon built that famous temple and celebrated the festival of consecration, he prayed a prayer of supplication for divine grace and implored that the temple be filled with it, adding this in addition to other things, “If you surrender your people to their foes, and they take them as captives to a land distant or near, and they have a change of heart in the land where they are transported and pray to you in their exile in the words, We sinned, we did wrong, we broke the law, and they turn back to you with their whole heart and with their whole soul in the land of their foes where you transferred them, and they pray to you toward their land which you gave their ancestors, and the city that you chose and the house that I built to your name, may you hearken from heaven, forthwith from your dwelling place, and forgive their sins by which they have sinned against you and all the transgressions they have committed against you, and show them pity before their captors.” Instructed in this, Daniel faced Jerusalem in praying.
Commentary on Daniel 6:10
Then these men watched, and found Daniel praying and supplicating to his God.
τότε οἱ ἄνδρες ἐκεῖνοι παρετήρησαν καὶ εὗρον τὸν Δανιὴλ ἀξιοῦντα καὶ δεόμενον τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ.
Тогда̀ мꙋ́жїе ѻ҆́нїи наблюдо́ша и҆ ѡ҆брѣто́ша данїи́ла просѧ́ща и҆ молѧ́щасѧ бг҃ꙋ своемꙋ̀,
Verse 11. "Those men, therefore, conducted an inquisitive search and discovered Daniel in prayer and making supplication unto his God." From this passage we learn that we are not to expose ourselves rashly to danger, but so far as it lies in our power, we are to avoid the plots of our enemies. And so in Daniel's case, he did not contravene the king's authority in a public square or out in the street, but rather in a private place, in order that he might not neglect the commands of the one true God Almighty.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
And they came and said to the king, O king, has thou not made a decree, that whatsoever man shall ask a petition of any god or man for thirty days, but of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions? And the king said, The word is true, and the decree of the Medes and Persians shall not pass.
καὶ προσελθόντες λέγουσι τῷ βασιλεῖ· βασιλεῦ, οὐχ ὁρισμὸν ἔταξας, ὅπως πᾶς ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἂν αἰτήσῃ παρὰ παντὸς θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπου αἴτημα ἕως ἡμερῶν τριάκοντα, ἀλλ’ ἢ παρὰ σοῦ, βασιλεῦ, ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὸν λάκκον τῶν λεόντων; καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς· ἀληθινὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ τὸ δόγμα Μήδων καὶ Περσῶν οὐ παρελεύσεται.
и҆ прише́дше рѣ́ша пред̾ царе́мъ: царю̀, не вчини́лъ ли є҆сѝ ты̀ предѣ́ла, ꙗ҆́кѡ да всѧ́къ человѣ́къ, и҆́же а҆́ще попро́ситъ ᲂу҆ всѧ́кагѡ бо́га и҆ человѣ́ка проше́нїѧ до три́десѧти дні́й, но то́чїю ᲂу҆ тебє̀, царю̀, да вве́ржетсѧ въ ро́въ ле́вскъ; И҆ речѐ ца́рь: и҆́стинно сло́во, и҆ за́повѣдь ми́дска и҆ пе́рсска не мимои́детъ.
Verse 12. "'Hast thou not ordained, O king, that any man who makes a request of any other person besides thee, whether god or man, shall be thrown into the lion-pit?' The king answered them, saying..." They do not mention Daniel's name, so that when the king has made a general answer as to the order he gave, he may then be bound by his own word, and not deal with Daniel in any other fashion than he has stated.
"'What you have said is true, according to the decree of the Medes and Persians, which it is not lawful to violate.'" We repeatedly take note of every passage which speaks of the kingdom of the Medes and Persians, so that we may dispose of the knotty problem of why Daniel speaks of the kingdom in one place as being under Darius, and in another as being under Cyrus.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Then they answered and said before the king, Daniel of the children of the captivity of Judea, has not submitted to thy decree; and three times in the day he makes his requests of his God.
τότε ἀπεκρίθησαν καὶ λέγουσιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως· Δανιὴλ ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας τῆς ᾿Ιουδαίας οὐχ ὑπετάγη τῷ δόγματί σου, καὶ καιροὺς τρεῖς τῆς ἡμέρας αἰτεῖ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ τὰ αἰτήματα αὐτοῦ.
Тогда̀ ѿвѣща́ша пред̾ царе́мъ и҆ глаго́лаша: данїи́лъ, и҆́же ѿ сынѡ́въ плѣ́на і҆ꙋде́йска, не покори́сѧ за́повѣди твое́й (и҆ не радѣ̀) ѡ҆ предѣ́лѣ, є҆го́же вчини́лъ є҆сѝ: въ три́ бо времена̀ днѐ про́ситъ ᲂу҆ бг҃а своегѡ̀ проше́нїй свои́хъ.
And he prays “constantly” (deeds of virtue or fulfilling the commandments are included as part of prayer) who unites prayer with the deeds required and right deeds with prayer. For the only way we can accept the command to “pray constantly” as referring to a real possibility is by saying that the entire life of the saint taken as a whole is a single great prayer. What is customarily called prayer is, then, a part of this prayer. Now prayer in the ordinary sense ought to be made no less than three times each day. This is evident in the story of Daniel, who prayed three times each day when such great peril had been devised for him.
On Prayer 12:2
Verse 13. "Then they answered before the king and said, 'Daniel, who is of the captivity of Judah, has paid no heed to thy law...'" In order to magnify the dishonor involved in this contempt, they speak of the man who showed this contempt for the king's commands as a mere captive.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Then the king, when he heard the saying, was much grieved for Daniel and he greatly exerted himself for Daniel to deliver him: and he exerted himself till evening to deliver him.
τότε ὁ βασιλεύς, ὡς τὸ ῥῆμα ἤκουσε, πολὺ ἐλυπήθη ἐπ’ αὐτῷ καὶ περὶ τοῦ Δανιὴλ ἠγωνίσατο τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ἕως ἑσπέρας ἦν ἀγωνιζόμενος τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι αὐτόν.
Тогда̀ ца́рь, ꙗ҆́кѡ слы́шавъ сло́во сїѐ, ѕѣлѡ̀ ѡ҆печа́лисѧ ѡ҆ не́мъ, и҆ ѡ҆ данїи́лѣ прѧ́шесѧ є҆́же и҆зба́вити є҆го̀, и҆ бѣ̀ да́же до ве́чера прѧ́сѧ є҆́же и҆зба́вити є҆го̀.
Verse 14. "And when the king heard this statement, he became quite grieved and applied himself on Daniel's behalf that he might deliver him." He realized that he had been tripped up by his own reply to their question, and also that envy was the motive of their plot. And so to avoid the appearance of acting against his own law, he wanted to deliver Daniel from danger by ingenuity and strategy rather than by exerting his royal authority. And so earnestly did he labor and strive that he would not accept any food, absolute monarch though he was, even until sunset. And as for the plotters, so firmly did they persist in their evil purpose that no consideration of the king's personal desire or of the damage he would sustain had any effect upon them.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Then those men said to the king, Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is that we must not change any decree of statue which the king shall make.
τότε οἱ ἄνδρες ἐκεῖνοι λέγουσι τῷ βασιλεῖ· γνῶθι, βασιλεῦ, ὅτι τὸ δόγμα Μήδοις καὶ Πέρσαις τοῦ πᾶν ὁρισμὸν καὶ στάσιν, ἣν ἂν ὁ βασιλεὺς στήσῃ, οὐ δεῖ παραλλάξαι. -
Тогда̀ мꙋ́жїе ѻ҆́нїи глаго́лаша царю̀: вѣ́ждь, царю̀ ꙗ҆́кѡ ми́дѡмъ и҆ пе́рсѡмъ не лѣ́ть є҆́сть премѣни́ти всѧ́кагѡ предѣ́ла и҆ ᲂу҆ста́ва, є҆го́же ца́рь ᲂу҆ста́витъ.
Verse 15. "But those men, understanding the king's intent, said to him: 'Be it known to thee, O king, that no law of the Medes and Persians, nor any decree which the king has enacted, is capable of alteration.'" Just as the king understood that the princes were making their accusation out of motives of envy, so also they for their part understood what the king's purpose was, namely that he wished to rescue Daniel from imminent death. And so they allege that according to the law of the Medes and Persians, the commands of a king cannot be nullified.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
You do not have the authority to overturn what you have prescribed, the laws of Medes and Persians ordering that the laws passed by the previous king be fulfilled. Under pressure both from the compelling logic of the words and from the number of the accusers, the king surrendered blessed Daniel to the lions.
Commentary on Daniel 6:15
Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the den of lions. But the king said to Daniel, Thy God whom thou servest continually, he will deliver thee.
Τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπε καὶ ἤγαγον τὸν Δανιὴλ καὶ ἐνέβαλον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν λάκκον τῶν λεόντων· καί εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Δανιήλ· ὁ Θεός σου, ᾧ σὺ λατρεύεις ἐνδελεχῶς, αὐτὸς ἐξελεῖταί σε.
Тогда̀ ца́рь речѐ, и҆ приведо́ша данїи́ла и҆ вверго́ша є҆го̀ въ ро́въ ле́вскъ. И҆ речѐ ца́рь данїи́лꙋ: бг҃ъ тво́й, є҆мꙋ́же ты̀ слꙋ́жиши прⷭ҇нѡ, то́й и҆зба́витъ тѧ̀.
For what shall we say? Was Daniel cast into the den of lions by those who feared God? Were Ananias and Azarias and Mishael shut up in a furnace of fire by those who observed the great and glorious worship of the Most High? Far from us be such a thought! Who, then, were they that did such things? The hateful, and those full of all wickedness, were roused to such a pitch of fury that they inflicted torture on those who served God with a holy and blameless purpose [of heart], not knowing that the Most High is the defender and protector of all such as with a pure conscience venerate his all-excellent name.… But they who with confidence endured [these things] are now heirs of glory and honor and have been exalted and made illustrious by God in their memorial for ever and ever.
1 Clement 45
From Syria even to Rome I fight with beasts: not that I am devoured by brute beasts, for these, as you know, by the will of God, spared Daniel, but by beasts in the shape of people, in whom the merciless wild beast himself lies hid and pricks and wounds me day by day. But none of these hardships "move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself," in such a way as to love it better than the Lord. Wherefore I am prepared for [encountering] fire, wild beasts, the sword or the cross, so that only I may see Christ my Savior and God, who died for me. I therefore, a prisoner of Christ, who is driven along by land and sea, exhort you: "stand fast in the faith," and be steadfast, "for the just shall live by faith"; be unwavering, for "the Lord causes those to dwell in a house that are of one and the same character."
Epistle of Pseudo-Ignatius to the Tarsians
Lord, who fulfilled your promises made by the prophets, and had mercy on Zion and compassion on Jerusalem, by exalting the throne of David, your servant … by the birth of Christ, who was born of his seed according to the flesh, of a virgin alone; please, O Lord God, accept the prayers that proceed from the lips of your people which are of the Gentiles, which call on you in truth, as you accepted the gifts of the righteous in their generations. In the first place you respected the sacrifice of Abel … of Ezra at the return; of Daniel in the den of lions; of Jonah in the whale’s belly.
Constitutions of the Holy Apostles 7:37
Let not, therefore, any one that works signs and wonders judge any one of the faithful who is not granted the same: for the gifts of God that are bestowed by him through Christ are various; and one person receives one gift and another another.… For neither did the wise Daniel, who was delivered from the mouths of the lions, nor the three children, who were delivered from the furnace of fire, despise the rest of their fellow Israelites: for they knew that they had not escaped these terrible miseries by their own might but by the power of God did they both work miracles and were delivered from miseries. Wherefore let none of you exalt himself against his brother, though he is a prophet or though he is a worker of miracles.
Constitutions of the Holy Apostles 8:1
Verse 16. "Then the king gave order, and they brought Daniel and cast him into the pit of lions. And the king said to Daniel: 'Thy God whom thou dost ever serve will Himself deliver thee.'" He gives way to the crowd and dares not to withhold from his plotting adversaries the death of his friend, and he commits to the power of God the purpose which he himself was unable to attain. Nor does he use the language of doubt, so as to say, "If He be able to deliver thee"; but rather he speaks with boldness and confidence and says, "The God whom thou dost ever serve shall Himself deliver thee." He had heard, of course, that three youths who were of a lower rank than Daniel himself had triumphed over the flames of Babylon. He had heard that many secrets had been revealed to Daniel, and therefore regarded him highly, and held him, captive though he was, in the greatest honor.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
And they brought a stone, and put it on the mouth of the den; and the king sealed [it] with his ring, and with the ring of his nobles; that the case might not be altered with regard to Daniel.
καὶ ἤνεγκαν λίθον καὶ ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα τοῦ λάκκου, καὶ ἐσφραγίσατο ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν τῷ δακτυλίῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ δακτυλίῳ τῶν μεγιστάνων αὐτοῦ, ὅπως μὴ ἀλλοιωθῇ πρᾶγμα ἐν τῷ Δανιήλ.
И҆ принесо́ша ка́мень є҆ди́нъ и҆ возложи́ша на ᲂу҆́стїе рва̀, и҆ запеча́та ца́рь пе́рстнемъ свои́мъ и҆ пе́рстнемъ вельмо́жъ свои́хъ, да не и҆змѣни́тсѧ дѣѧ́нїе ѡ҆ данїи́лѣ.
Certainly it had been decided by Darius to save Daniel from the present danger with any possible means; therefore he sealed the entrance of the den with his own signet and invited the satraps to do the same. This had to be done for two reasons: first, in order that [the satraps] might not steal there without being seen and, after rolling off the lid, might kill him; second, in order that they might not spread among the people the rumor that some fraud had been used inside the den.
Commentary on Daniel 6:17
Verse 17. "A single stone was brought and placed over the opening of the pit, and the king sealed it with his ring..." He sealed with his ring the rock by which the opening of the pit was shut up, so that the enemies of Daniel might not make any attempt to harm him. For he had entrusted him to the power of God, and although not worried about lions, he was fearful of men. He also sealed it with the ring of his nobles, in order to avoid all ground for suspicion so far as they were concerned.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
And the king departed to his house, and lay down fasting, and they brought him no food; and his sleep departed from him. But God shut the mouths of the lions, and they not molest Daniel.
καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκοιμήθη ἄδειπνος, καὶ ἐδέσματα οὐκ εἰσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ ὕπνος ἀπέστη ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἔκλεισεν ὁ Θεὸς τὰ στόματα τῶν λεόντων, καὶ οὐ παρηνώχλησαν τῷ Δανιήλ.
И҆ ѿи́де ца́рь въ до́мъ сво́й и҆ лѧ́же без̾ ве́чери, и҆ ꙗ҆́ди не внесо́ша къ немꙋ̀: и҆ со́нъ ѿстꙋпѝ ѿ негѡ̀. И҆ заключѝ бг҃ъ ᲂу҆ста̀ львѡ́мъ, и҆ не стꙋжи́ша данїи́лꙋ.
Verse 18. "And the king departed to his own house, and went to bed without partaking of supper..." How sincere was the king's good will, when he would not touch food night or day or grant his eyelids sleep, but as long as the prophet was in danger he himself remained in a state of sympathetic suspense. But if a king who knew not God did such a thing for another man whose deliverance he desired, how much more ought we to implore God's mercy for our own sins with fastings and watchings.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Each of these details testifies both to his humanity and to his cowardice: a mark of his humanity was his refusing to partake of food or let his eyes rest in sleep, instead staying awake in grief for the unjust punishment of Daniel; it was a mark of cowardice that he was not so affected as to counter the accusers and invoke his royal authority and power to save the wronged.
Commentary on Daniel 6:18
Then the king arose very early in the morning, and came in hast to the den of lions.
τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀνέστη τὸ πρωΐ ἐν τῷ φωτὶ καὶ ἐν σπουδῇ ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν λάκκον τῶν λεόντων·
Тогда̀ ца́рь воста̀ заꙋ́тра на свѣ́тѣ и҆ со тща́нїемъ прїи́де ко рвꙋ̀ ле́вскꙋ.
The same faith, which on the previous evening had led Darius to seal the entrance of the den, brought him again to that place, as if he would have seen Daniel still alive.
Commentary on Daniel 6:19
Verse 19. "Then the king arose at the break of dawn and proceeded with haste to the pit of lions." The term "pit" (lacus) implies a really deep depression, or dry cistern, in which the lions were fed. And so he proceeded hastily to the pit at the break of dawn, believing that Daniel was alive. But in Latin the word lacus is applied to a body of fresh water, such as Lake Benacus and Lake Larius, and the rest of them. The Greeks call it limne, that is, "a body of standing water" (stagnum).
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
“King Darius rose early at daybreak,” that is, while it was still dark, around dawn, so that there was even need of lamps (the meaning of “at daybreak”).
Commentary on Daniel 6:19
And when he drew near to the den, he cried with a loud voice, Daniel, servant of the living God, has thy God, whom thou servest continually, been able to deliver thee from the lion’s mouth?
καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν αὐτὸν τῷ λάκκῳ ἐβόησε φωνῇ ἰσχυρᾷ· Δανιήλ, ὁ δοῦλος τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος, ὁ Θεός σου, ᾧ σὺ λατρεύεις ἐνδελεχῶς, εἰ ἠδυνήθη ἐξελέσθαι σε ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τῶν λεόντων;
И҆ є҆гда̀ прибли́жисѧ ко рвꙋ̀, возопѝ гла́сомъ крѣ́пкимъ: данїи́ле, ра́бе бг҃а жива́гѡ! бг҃ъ тво́й, є҆мꙋ́же ты̀ слꙋ́жиши прⷭ҇нѡ, возмо́же ли и҆зба́вити тѧ̀ и҆з̾ ᲂу҆́стъ льво́выхъ;
Verse 20. "And approaching the pit, he called out to Daniel with a tear-choked voice and addressed him." By his tears he showed his inner emotion, and forgetting his royal dignity, the conqueror ran to his captive, the master to his servant.
"'O Daniel, servant of the living God...'" He calls Him the living God in order to distinguish Him from the gods of the Gentiles, who are but effigies of the dead.
"'Dost thou deem that thy God, whom thou ever servest, has been able to deliver thee from the lions?'" It was not that he had any doubts about the power of the God of whom he had previously affirmed, "Thy God, whom thou ever servest, will Himself deliver thee." But he phrased the sentence doubtfully in order that when Daniel made his appearance unharmed, the king's anger at the princes might seem the more justified, in proportion to the incredibility of the event.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Each of these phrases shows the religious spirit of the king, who complimented Daniel on his piety: first, he calls him not his own servant but God’s; next, he calls Daniel’s God “living;” then, in praise of his piety, “whom you serve with constancy,” that is, you were not prevented from worship under pressure of the law. The question “Was he able to rescue you from the lions’ mouth?” means, “Was it his will to render you impervious against the lions?” After all, he would not have referred to God as powerless after calling him “living.”
Commentary on Daniel 6:19-20
And Daniel said to the king, O king, live for ever.
καὶ εἶπε Δανιὴλ τῷ βασιλεῖ· βασιλεῦ, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ζῆθι.
И҆ речѐ данїи́лъ царе́ви: царю̀, во вѣ́ки живѝ:
Verse 21. "'O king, live forever!'" Daniel honors the one who accords honor to him, and prays for him eternal life.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
My God has sent his angel, and stopped the lions’ mouths, and they have not hurt me: for uprightness was found in me before him; and moreover before thee, O king, I have committed no trespass.
ὁ Θεός μου ἀπέστειλε τὸν ἄγγελον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐνέφραξε τὰ στόματα τῶν λεόντων, καὶ οὐκ ἐλυμήναντό με, ὅτι κατέναντι αὐτοῦ εὐθύτης εὑρέθη ἐμοί· καὶ ἐνώπιον δέ σου, βασιλεῦ, παράπτωμα οὐκ ἐποίησα.
бг҃ъ мо́й посла̀ а҆́гг҃ла своего̀ и҆ затворѝ ᲂу҆ста̀ львѡ́въ, и҆ не вреди́ша менѐ, ꙗ҆́кѡ ѡ҆брѣ́тесѧ пред̾ ни́мъ пра́вда моѧ̀, и҆ пред̾ тобо́ю, царю̀, согрѣше́нїѧ не сотвори́хъ.
Verse 22. "'My God sent His angel and shut up the lions' mouths, and they did me no harm...'" The fierceness of the lions was not altered, but their gaping jaws were closed by the angel, and also their voracious hunger, and that too for the reason that the prophet's good works had gone before him. And so his deliverance was not so much a matter of grace as of reward for his unrightness. And these words might be uttered by every saint, for he has been snatched from the mouths of lions unseen and from the infernal pit, because he has trusted in his God.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
Then the king was very glad for him, and he commanded to bring Daniel out of the den. So Daniel was brought out of the den, and there was found no hurt upon him, because he believed in his God.
τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς πολὺ ἠγαθύνθη ἐπ’ αὐτῷ, καὶ τὸν Δανιὴλ εἶπεν ἀνενέγκαι ἐκ τοῦ λάκκου. καὶ ἀνηνέχθη Δανιὴλ ἐκ τοῦ λάκκου, καὶ πᾶσα διαφθορὰ οὐχ εὑρέθη ἐν αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἐπίστευσεν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ αὐτοῦ.
Тогда̀ ца́рь вельмѝ возвесели́сѧ ѡ҆ не́мъ и҆ речѐ данїи́ла и҆звестѝ и҆з̾ рва̀. И҆ и҆зведе́нъ бы́сть данїи́лъ и҆з̾ рва̀, и҆ всѧ́кагѡ тлѣ́нїѧ {и҆ ни є҆ди́нагѡ вре́да} не ѡ҆брѣ́тесѧ на не́мъ ꙗ҆́кѡ вѣ́рова въ бг҃а своего̀.
The lesson that was read today invites you to the true faith, by setting before you the way in which you also must please God. It affirms that “without faith it is impossible to please him.” For when will an individual resolve to serve God, unless he believes that “he is a giver of reward”? When will a young woman choose a virgin life, or a young man live soberly, if they do not believe that for chastity there is “a crown that does not fade away”? Faith is an eye that enlightens every conscience and imparts understanding. The prophet says, “And if you do not believe, you shall not understand.” Faith “stops the mouth of lions,” as in Daniel’s case, for Scripture says concerning him, “Daniel was brought up out of the den and was found to be hurt in no way, because he believed in his God.”
Catechetical Lecture 5:4
“Stopped the mouths of lions, quenched raging fire and escaped the edge of the sword.” See how they were in death itself, Daniel encompassed by the lions, the three children abiding in the furnace, the Israelites, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, in diverse temptations; and yet not even so did they despair. For this is faith. When things are turning out adversely, then we ought to believe nothing adverse is done but all things in due order.
On the Epistle to the Hebrews, Homily 27:4
And the king commanded, and they brought the men that had accused Daniel, and they were cast into the den of lions, they, and their children, and their wives: and they reached not the bottom of the den before the lions had the mastery of them, and utterly broke to pieces all their bones.
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς, καὶ ἠγάγοσαν τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς διαβαλόντας τὸν Δανιήλ, καὶ εἰς τὸν λάκκον τῶν λεόντων ἐνεβλήθησαν, αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν· καὶ οὐκ ἔφθασαν εἰς τὸ ἔδαφος τοῦ λάκκου, ἕως οὗ ἐκυρίευσαν αὐτῶν οἱ λέοντες καὶ πάντα τὰ ὀστᾶ αὐτῶν ἐλέπτυναν. -
И҆ речѐ ца́рь, и҆ приведо́ша мꙋ́жы ѡ҆клевета́вшыѧ данїи́ла и҆ въ ро́въ ле́вскъ вверго́ша ѧ҆̀ и҆ сы́ны и҆́хъ и҆ жєны̀ и҆́хъ: и҆ не доидо́ша дна̀ рва̀, да́же соѡдолѣ́ша и҆̀мъ львы̀ и҆ всѧ̑ кѡ́сти и҆́хъ и҆стончи́ша.
Daniel also was persecuted as Jesus was persecuted.… Daniel they cast into the pit of lions, and he was delivered and came up out of its midst uninjured; and Jesus they sent down into the pit of the abode of the dead, and he ascended, and death had not dominion over him. Concerning Daniel they expected that when he had fallen into the pit he would not come up again; and concerning Jesus they said, “Since he has fallen, he shall not rise again.” From [harming] Daniel the mouths of the ravenous and destructive lions were closed; and from [harming] Jesus was closed the mouth of death, [though] ravenous and destructive of [living] forms. They sealed the pit of Daniel and guarded it with diligence; and they guarded the grave of Jesus with diligence, as they said, “Set guards to watch at the tomb.” When Daniel came up, his accusers were ashamed; and when Jesus rose, all they who had crucified him were ashamed.
Demonstrations 21:18
Since a simple punishment was not sufficient for those culprits, in order to balance the offense they had brought against a righteous man, after being condemned to the same punishment, they were thrown to the beasts together with their wives and children.
Commentary on Daniel 6:24
Then king Darius wrote to all nations, tribes, [and] languages, who dwell in all the earth, [saying], Peace be multiplied to you.
Τότε Δαρεῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔγραψε πᾶσι τοῖς λαοῖς, φυλαῖς, γλώσσαις, τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ· εἰρήνη ὑμῖν πληθυνθείη·
Тогда̀ да́рїй ца́рь написа̀ всѣ̑мъ лю́демъ, племенѡ́мъ, ꙗ҆зы́кѡмъ, живꙋ́щымъ во все́й землѝ: ми́ръ ва́мъ да ᲂу҆мно́житсѧ:
25–27Verses 25-27. "Then king Darius wrote unto all the peoples, tribes and language-groups who dwelt in all the earth, saying: 'Your peace be multiplied! I have enacted a decree that in all my empire and kingdom men are to dread and tremble before the God of Daniel. For it is He who is the living God and the One who abides forever, and His rule shall not be overthown, and His power shall eternally endure. It is He who is the Deliverer and Savior, who performs signs and wonders in heaven and on earth, and who has delivered Daniel from the pit of lions.'" Just as in the case of Nebuchadnezzar's writing unto the language-groups and nations one authority has interpreted them to signify hostile powers, so also this same man interprets the action of Darius, on the ground that he summons them all to repentance. And he poses the question as to whether this will take place in this world or in the other world, or even after other worlds have intervened. We deem these speculations to be absurd and account them as empty fables, and make this single observation: that the reason why signs are performed amid barbarian peoples through the agency of God's servants is that the worship and religion of the only God may be proclaimed.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
This decree has been set forth by me in every dominion of my kingdom, that [men] tremble and fear before the God of Daniel: for he is the living and eternal God, and his kingdom shall not be destroyed, and his dominion is for ever.
ἐκ προσώπου μου ἐτέθη δόγμα τοῦτο ἐν πάσῃ ἀρχῇ τῆς βασιλείας μου εἶναι τρέμοντας καὶ φοβουμένους ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Θεοῦ Δανιήλ, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστι Θεὸς ζῶν καὶ μένων εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, καὶ ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ οὐ διαφθαρήσεται, καὶ ἡ κυριεία αὐτοῦ ἕως τέλους·
ѿ лица̀ моегѡ̀ заповѣ́дасѧ за́повѣдь сїѧ̀ во все́й землѝ ца́рства моегѡ̀, да бꙋ́дꙋтъ трепе́щꙋще и҆ боѧ́щесѧ ѿ лица̀ бг҃а данїи́лова, ꙗ҆́кѡ то́й є҆́сть бг҃ъ живы́й и҆ пребыва́ѧй во вѣ́ки, и҆ црⷭ҇тво є҆гѡ̀ не разсы́плетсѧ, и҆ вла́сть є҆гѡ̀ до конца̀:
The foundation and strength of hope and faith is fear. In Psalm 111: “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” Of the same thing in the Wisdom of Solomon, … in the Proverbs, … in Isaiah, … in Genesis, … and in Psalm 2, … Then Darius the king wrote, “To all peoples, tribes and languages that are in my kingdom, peace be to you from my face. I decree and ordain that all those who are in my kingdom shall fear and tremble before the Most High God whom Daniel serves.”
Treatise XII. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3:20
He helps and delivers, and works signs and wonders in the heaven and on the earth, who has rescued Daniel from the power of the lions.
ἀντιλαμβάνεται καὶ ρύεται καὶ ποιεῖ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅστις ἐξείλατο τὸν Δανιὴλ ἐκ χειρὸς τῶν λεόντων.
под̾е́млетъ и҆ и҆збавлѧ́етъ, и҆ твори́тъ зна́мєнїѧ и҆ чꙋдеса̀ на небесѝ и҆ на землѝ, и҆́же и҆зба́ви данїи́ла ѿ ᲂу҆́стъ льво́выхъ.
And Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.
καὶ Δανιὴλ κατηύθυνεν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ Δαρείου καὶ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ Κύρου τοῦ Πέρσου.
Данїи́лъ же ᲂу҆правлѧ́ше во ца́рствѣ да́рїевѣ и҆ во ца́рствѣ кѵ́ра пе́рсѧнина.
Verse 28. "Thereafter Daniel lived on until the reign of Darius and the reign of Cyrus the Persian." And so the statement which we read above at the end of the first vision, "And Daniel lived until the first year of King Cyrus," is not to be understood as defining the span of his life. In view of the fact that we read in the last vision: "In the third year of Cyrus, King of the Persians, a word was revealed to Daniel, whose surname was Belteshazzar"; this is what is meant, that up to the first year of King Cyrus, who destroyed the empire of the Chaldeans, Daniel continued in power in Chaldea, but was afterwards transferred to Media by Darius.
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER SIX
And it pleased Darius, and he set over the kingdom a hundred and twenty satraps, to be in all his kingdom;
ΚΑΙ ἤρεσεν ἐνώπιον Δαρείου καὶ κατέστησεν ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας σατράπας ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι τοῦ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ
И҆ бы́сть ᲂу҆го́дно пред̾ царе́мъ, и҆ поста́ви во ца́рствѣ кнѧзе́й сто̀ и҆ два́десѧть, є҆́же бы́ти и҆̀мъ во все́мъ ца́рствѣ є҆гѡ̀,