2 Kings (4 Kings) 22
Commentary from 5 fathers
And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and walked in all the way of David his father; he turned not aside to the right hand or to the left.
καὶ ἐποίησε τὸ εὐθὲς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς Κυρίου καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν πάσῃ ὁδῷ Δαυὶδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἀπέστη δεξιὰ καὶ ἀριστερά.
И҆ сотворѝ пра́вое пред̾ ѻ҆чи́ма гдⷭ҇нима, и҆ хожда́ше во всѣ́хъ пꙋте́хъ даві́да ѻ҆тца̀ своегѡ̀, не соврати́сѧ ни на де́сно, ни на шꙋ́ее.
And it came to pass in the eighteenth year of king Josias, in the eighth month, the king sent Sapphan the son of Ezelias the son of Mesollam, the scribe of the house of the Lord, saying,
καὶ ἐγενήθη ἐν τῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῷ βασιλεῖ ᾿Ιωσίᾳ ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ὀγδόῳ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν Σαπφὰν υἱὸν ᾿Εσελίου υἱοῦ Μεσολλάμ, τὸν γραμματέα οἴκου Κυρίου λέγων·
И҆ бы́сть во ѻ҆смоена́десѧть лѣ́то ца́рства і҆ѡсі́ина, въ седмы́й мцⷭ҇ъ, посла̀ ца́рь сафа́на, сы́на є҆зелі́ина, сы́на месолла́млѧ, книго́чїю до́мꙋ гдⷭ҇нѧ, глаго́лѧ:
Go up to Chelcias the high priest, and take account of the money that is brought into the house of the Lord, which they that keep the door have collected of the people.
ἀνάβηθι πρὸς Χελκίαν τὸν ἱερέα τὸν μέγαν καὶ σφράγισον τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εἰσενεχθὲν ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου, ὃ συνήγαγον οἱ φυλάσσοντες τὸν σταθμὸν παρὰ τοῦ λαοῦ,
взы́ди къ хелкі́и жерцꙋ̀ вели́комꙋ и҆ запечатлѣ́й сребро̀ внесе́ное въ до́мъ гдⷭ҇ень, є҆́же собра́ша стрегꙋ́щїи вра́тъ ѿ люді́й,
And let them give it into the hand of the workmen that are appointed in the house of the Lord. And he gave it to the workmen in the house of the Lord, to repair the breaches of the house,
καὶ δότωσαν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ χεῖρα ποιούντων τὰ ἔργα τῶν καθεσταμένων ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου. καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὸ τοῖς ποιοῦσι τὰ ἔργα τοῖς ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου τοῦ κατισχῦσαι τὸ βεδὲκ τοῦ οἴκου,
и҆ да дадꙋ́тъ є҆̀ въ рꙋ́ки творѧ́щихъ дѣла̀ приста́вникѡмъ въ хра́мѣ гдⷭ҇ни: да дадѧ́тъ є҆̀ творѧ́щымъ дѣла̀ въ домꙋ̀ гдⷭ҇ни, є҆́же подкрѣплѧ́ти разсѣ̑лины хра́ма,
[even] to the carpenters, and builders, and masons, [and] also to purchase timber and hewn stones, to repair the breaches of the house.
τοῖς τέκτοσι καὶ τοῖς οἰκοδόμοις καὶ τοῖς τειχισταῖς καὶ τοῦ κτήσασθαι ξύλα καὶ λίθους λατομητούς, τοῦ κραταιῶσαι τὸ βεδὲκ τοῦ οἴκου.
древодѣ́лємъ и҆ каменосѣ́чцємъ и҆ покꙋпа́ющымъ древа̀ и҆ ка́менїе те́саное на ᲂу҆твержде́нїе разсѣ́линъ хра́ма.
Only they did not call them to account for the money that was given to them, because they dealt faithfully.
πλὴν οὐκ ἐξελογίζοντο αὐτοὺς τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ διδόμενον αὐτοῖς, ὅτι ἐν πίστει αὐτοὶ ποιοῦσι.
Ѻ҆ба́че не сочислѧ́хꙋ и҆́хъ ѡ҆ сребрѐ дае́мѣмъ и҆̀мъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ вѣ́рнѡ ті́и творѧ́хꙋ.
And Chelcias the high priest said to Saphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the Lord. And Chelcias gave the book to Sapphan, and he read it.
καὶ εἶπε Χελκίας ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας πρὸς Σαπφὰν τὸν γραμματέα· βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου εὗρον ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου· καὶ ἔδωκε Χελκίας τὸ βιβλίον πρὸς Σαπφάν, καὶ ἀνέγνω αὐτό.
И҆ речѐ хелкі́а жре́цъ вели́кїй ко сафа́нꙋ книго́чїю: кни́гꙋ зако́на (бж҃їѧ) ѡ҆брѣто́хъ въ домꙋ̀ гдⷭ҇ни. И҆ дадѐ хелкі́а кни́гꙋ сафа́нꙋ, и҆ прочтѐ ю҆̀.
The book that was discovered was the Deuteronomy that Moses had placed in the ark as a precaution. It was brought out through a divine action, in order to show the people that it cried and argued against them because of their great iniquity and therefore did not want to stay in its place. Hilkiah, who found the book, was the father of the prophet Jeremiah. It is not without a reason that the book was discovered at the time of Josiah because he, more than all the other kings, showed a real fervor against the priests of Baal, especially against those of the ten tribes, that is, those that had survived among them. Indeed, if [the book] had been found at the time of the other kings, they would not have accepted it. They might have even torn it up, as Zedekiah tore the prophecy of Jeremiah and threw it into the fire. [Another reason] is that the time of their captivity had come. For the seventy years of the Babylonian captivity are usually counted from the eighteenth year of Josiah, the year in which the book was discovered: as if the captivity was about to come in those days but was hindered because of Josiah’s virtue.
Books of Sessions 2 Kings 22:8
And he went into the house of the Lord to the king, and reported the matter to the king, and said, Thy servants have collected the money that was found in the house of the Lord, and have given it into the hand of the workmen that are appointed in the house of the Lord.
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ ἀπέστρεψε τῷ βασιλεῖ ῥῆμα καὶ εἶπεν· ἐχώνευσαν οἱ δοῦλοί σου τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εὑρεθὲν ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ χεῖρα ποιούντων τὰ ἔργα καθεσταμένων ἐν οἴκῳ Κυρίου
И҆ вни́де въ до́мъ гдⷭ҇ень ко царю̀ і҆ѡсі́и, и҆ возвѣстѝ царю̀ сло́во и҆ речѐ: слїѧ́ша рабѝ твоѝ сребро̀ ѡ҆брѣ́тшеесѧ въ домꙋ̀ гдⷭ҇ни, и҆ да́ша є҆̀ приста̑вницы въ рꙋ́ки творѧ́щымъ дѣла̀ въ хра́мѣ гдⷭ҇ни.
And Sapphan the scribe spoke to the king, saying, Chelcias the priest has given me a book. And Sapphan read it before the king.
καὶ εἶπε Σαπφὰν ὁ γραμματεὺς πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα λέγων· βιβλίον ἔδωκέ μοι Χελκίας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἀνέγνω αὐτὸ Σαπφὰν ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως.
И҆ речѐ сафа́нъ книго́чїѧ къ царю̀, глаго́лѧ кни́гꙋ зако́на дадѐ мѝ хелкі́а жре́цъ. И҆ прочтѐ ю҆̀ сафа́нъ пред̾ царе́мъ.
And it came to pass, when the king heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his garments.
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς λόγους τοῦ βιβλίου τοῦ νόμου, καὶ διέρρηξε τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτοῦ.
И҆ бы́сть ꙗ҆́кѡ ᲂу҆слы́ша ца́рь словеса̀ кни́ги зако́нныѧ, и҆ раздра̀ ри̑зы своѧ̑,
And the king commanded Chelcias the priest, and Achikam the son of Sapphan, and Achobor the son of Michaias, and Sapphan the scribe, and Asaias the king’s servant, saying,
καὶ ἐνετείλατο ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Χελκίᾳ τῷ ἱερεῖ καὶ τῷ ᾿Αχικὰμ υἱῷ Σαπφὰν καὶ τῷ ᾿Αχοβὼρ υἱῷ Μιχαίου καὶ τῷ Σαπφὰν τῷ γραμματεῖ καὶ τῷ ᾿Ασαΐᾳ δούλῳ τοῦ βασιλέως λέγων·
и҆ заповѣ́да ца́рь хелкі́и жрецꙋ̀ и҆ а҆хїка́мꙋ сы́нꙋ сафа́ню, и҆ а҆ховѡ́рꙋ сы́нꙋ мїхе́инꙋ и҆ сафа́нꙋ книго́чїю и҆ а҆саі́ю рабꙋ̀ царе́вꙋ, глаго́лѧ:
Go, enquire of the Lord for me, and for all the people, and for all Juda, and concerning the words of this book that has been found: for the wrath of the Lord that has been kindled against us [is] great, because our fathers hearkened not to the words of this book, to do according to all the things written concerning us.
δεῦτε ἐκζητήσατε τὸν Κύριον περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ περὶ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ περὶ παντὸς τοῦ ᾿Ιούδα περὶ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τοῦ εὑρεθέντος τούτου, ὅτι μεγάλη ἡ ὀργὴ Κυρίου ἡ ἐκκεκαυμένη ἐν ἡμῖν, ὑπὲρ οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου τοῦ ποιεῖν κατὰ πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα καθ᾿ ἡμῶν.
прїиди́те, и҆спроси́те гдⷭ҇а ѡ҆ мнѣ̀ и҆ ѡ҆ всѣ́хъ лю́дехъ и҆ ѡ҆ все́мъ і҆ꙋ́дѣ, и҆ ѡ҆ словесѣ́хъ кни́ги ѡ҆брѣ́тшїѧсѧ сеѧ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ вели́къ гнѣ́въ гдⷭ҇ень разжже́ный на на́съ, поне́же не послꙋ́шаша ѻ҆тцы̀ на́ши слове́съ кни́ги сеѧ̀, є҆́же твори́ти по всѣ̑мъ напи́саннымъ на ны̀.
So Chelcias the priest went, and Achicam, and Achobor, and Sapphan, and Asaias, to Olda the prophetess, the mother of Sellem the son of Thecuan son of Aras, keeper of the robes; and she dwelt in Jerusalem in Masena; and they spoke to her.
καὶ ἐπορεύθη Χελκίας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ᾿Αχικὰμ καὶ ᾿Αχοβὼρ καὶ Σαπφὰν καὶ ᾿Ασαΐας πρὸς ῎Ολδαν τὴν προφῆτιν μητέρα Σελλὴμ υἱοῦ Θεκουὲ υἱοῦ ᾿Αραὰς τοῦ ἱματιοφύλακος, καὶ αὕτη κατῴκει ἐν ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ ἐν τῇ Μασενᾷ, καὶ ἐλάλησαν πρὸς αὐτήν.
И҆ и҆́де хелкі́а жре́цъ и҆ а҆хїка́мъ, и҆ а҆ховѡ́ръ и҆ сафа́нъ и҆ а҆саі́асъ ко ѻ҆лда́мѣ проро́чицѣ, женѣ̀ сели́ма сы́на ѳекꙋ́ева, сы́на а҆ра́са ризохрани́телѧ: и҆ сїѧ̀ живѧ́ше во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мѣ въ масе́нѣ: и҆ глаго́лаша къ не́й по семꙋ̀.
We need not wonder that Huldah, the prophet and wife of Shallum, was consulted by Josiah, king of Judah, when the captivity was approaching and the wrath of the Lord was falling on Jerusalem: since it is the rule of Scripture, when holy men fail, to praise women to the reproach of men.
Against Jovinianus 1.25
"She who dwells in Jerusalem in the second district." [2 Kings 22:14] What is said about Huldah the prophetess: "She who dwells in Jerusalem in the second district"; what this means is explained in the book of Chronicles, where it is written about the aforesaid King Hezekiah: "He also built, with great earnestness, all the wall that had been broken down, and reared up towers on it, and another wall outside" (2 Chron. 32). Zephaniah mentions this place, saying: "A voice of crying from the Fish Gate, and a wailing from the Second Quarter" (Zeph. 1). For which the old edition translated it as a proper name of the place, in Masena. Masena indeed means Second Quarter. Therefore, what is said about the prophetess dwelling in the Second, understand it as part of the second wall.
Questions on the Book of Kings #26
“They went to the prophet Huldah,” and not to Jeremiah, even though he was already well known as a prophet, probably because Jeremiah was not there at the moment, or maybe because this woman surpassed him with the power of her gift of prophecy.
Books of Sessions 2 Kings 22:14
And she said to them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Say to the man that sent you to me,
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· τάδε λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ᾿Ισραήλ· εἴπατε τῷ ἀνδρὶ τῷ ἀποστείλαντι ὑμᾶς πρός με·
И҆ речѐ и҆̀мъ: си́це гл҃етъ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ і҆и҃левъ: рцы́те мꙋ́жеви посла́вшемꙋ вы̀ ко мнѣ̀:
Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I bring evil upon this place, and upon them that dwell in it, [even] all the words of the book which the king of Juda has read:
τάδε λέγει Κύριος· ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπάγω κακὰ ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας αὐτόν, πάντας τοὺς λόγους τοῦ βιβλίου, οὓς ἀνέγνω βασιλεὺς ᾿Ιούδα,
та́кѡ гл҃етъ гдⷭ҇ь: сѐ, а҆́зъ наведꙋ̀ ѕла̑ѧ на мѣ́сто сїѐ и҆ на живꙋ́щыѧ въ не́мъ, всѧ̑ словеса̀ кни̑жнаѧ, ꙗ҆̀же прочтѐ ца́рь і҆ꙋ́динъ:
because they have forsaken me, and burnt incense to other gods, that they might provoke me with the works of their hands: therefore my wrath shall burn forth against this place, and shall not be quenched.
ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ἐγκατέλιπόν με καὶ ἐθυμίων θεοῖς ἑτέροις, ὅπως παροργίσωσί με ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐκκαυθήσεται θυμός μου ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ καὶ οὐ σβεσθήσεται.
поне́же ѡ҆ста́виша мѧ̀ и҆ кадѧ́хꙋ богѡ́мъ дрꙋги̑мъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ да прогнѣ́ваютъ мѧ̀ дѣлесы̀ рꙋ́къ свои́хъ, и҆ разжже́тсѧ ꙗ҆́рость моѧ̀ на мѣ́сто сїѐ и҆ не ᲂу҆га́снетъ:
And to the king of Juda that sent you to enquire of the Lord,-- thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, [As for] the words which thou hast heard;
καὶ πρὸς βασιλέα ᾿Ιούδα τὸν ἀποστείλαντα ὑμᾶς ἐπιζητῆσαι τὸν Κύριον τάδε ἐρεῖτε πρὸς αὐτόν· τάδε λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ᾿Ισραήλ· οἱ λόγοι, οὓς ἤκουσας,
и҆ ко царю̀ і҆ꙋ́динꙋ посла́вшемꙋ ва́съ вопроси́ти гдⷭ҇а, си́це рцы́те є҆мꙋ̀: та́кѡ гл҃етъ гдⷭ҇ь бг҃ъ і҆и҃левъ: словеса̀, ꙗ҆̀же слы́шалъ є҆сѝ,
because thy heart was softened, and thou was humbled before [me], when thou heardest all that I spoke against this place, and against the inhabitants of it, that it should be utterly destroyed and accursed, and thou didst rend thy garments, and weep before me; I also have heard, saith the Lord.
ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ὅτι ἡπαλύνθη ἡ καρδία σου καὶ ἐνετράπης ἀπὸ προσώπου, ὡς ἤκουσας ὅσα ἐλάλησα ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας αὐτὸν τοῦ εἶναι εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ εἰς κατάραν, καὶ διέρρηξας τὰ ἱμάτιά σου καὶ ἔκλαυσας ἐνώπιόν μου, καί γε ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, λέγει Κύριος.
за сїѧ̑, ꙗ҆́кѡ ᲂу҆мѧгчи́сѧ се́рдце твоѐ и҆ смири́лсѧ є҆сѝ пред̾ лице́мъ гдⷭ҇нимъ, ᲂу҆слы́шавъ є҆ли̑ка гл҃ахъ на мѣ́сто сїѐ и҆ на живꙋ́щыѧ въ не́мъ, є҆́же бы́ти въ погꙋбле́нїе и҆ въ проклѧ́тїе, и҆ раздра́лъ є҆сѝ ри̑зы твоѧ̑, и҆ пла́калсѧ предо мно́ю, и҆ а҆́зъ ᲂу҆̀бо ᲂу҆слы́шахъ, гл҃етъ гдⷭ҇ь:
It shall not be so [therefore]: behold, I [will] add thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy tomb in peace, and thine eyes shall not see [any] among all the evils which I bring upon this place. So they reported the word to the king.
οὐχ οὕτως· ἰδοὺ προστίθημί σε πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας σου, καὶ συναχθήσῃ εἰς τὸν τάφον σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ, καὶ οὐκ ὀφθήσεται ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς κακοῖς, οἷς ἐγώ εἰμι ἐπάγω ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον. καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν τῷ βασιλεῖ τὸ ρῆμα.
сегѡ̀ ра́ди а҆́зъ приложꙋ̀ тѧ̀ ко ѻ҆тцє́мъ твои̑мъ, и҆ собере́шисѧ во гро́бъ тво́й въ ми́рѣ, и҆ не ᲂу҆́зриши ѻ҆чи́ма твои́ма всѣ́хъ ѕлы́хъ, ꙗ҆̀же а҆́зъ и҆́мамъ навестѝ на мѣ́сто сїѐ и҆ на живꙋ́щыѧ въ не́мъ.
How do we say that they have been advised who have died before the coming of the evils that followed their death, if after death they perceive whatever misfortunes befall the human life? Or is it that we are mistaken when we imagine that they are at rest when the restless life of the living concerns them? What is this, then, that God promised to the most devout king, Josiah, for a great reward, telling him that he would soon die in order that he might not see the evils that he was threatening to send on that place and that people? The words of God are these: "Thus says the Lord the God of Israel: My words, which you have heard and which you feared from my mouth when you heard what I said about this place and those who dwell in it, that it be forsaken and become a curse, and you rent your garments and wept in my sight, shall not come to pass, says the Lord of hosts. Behold I shall bring you to your fathers, and you shall be brought with peace, and your eyes shall not see all the evils that I bring upon this place and those who dwell in it." And Josiah, alarmed at the dire threats of God, wept and tore his garments and then was made secure by an early death from all future ills, because he would so rest in peace that he would not see those evils. The souls of the dead, then, are in a place where they do not see the things that go on and transpire in this mortal life. How, then, do they see their own graves or their own bodies, whether they are buried or lie exposed? How do they take part in the misery of the living, when either they are suffering their own evil deserts, if such they have merited, or they rest in peace, such as was promised to this Josiah? For there they undergo no evils either by enduring them themselves or by compassionate suffering for others, but they are liberated from all evils that when they lived here they endured for themselves and out of compassion for others.
On the Care of the Dead 13.16
Josias [was] eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem: and his mother’s name [was] Jedia, daughter of Edeia of Basuroth.
ΥΙΟΣ ὀκτὼ ἐτῶν ᾿Ιωσίας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ τριάκοντα καὶ ἓν ἔτος ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν ῾Ιερουσαλήμ, καὶ ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ ᾿Ιεδία θυγάτηρ ᾿Εδεϊὰ ἐκ Βασουρώθ.
Сы́нъ ѻ҆смѝ лѣ́тъ бѣ̀ і҆ѡсі́а, є҆гда̀ нача̀ ца́рствовати, и҆ три́десѧть є҆ди́но лѣ́то ца́рствова во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мѣ. И҆́мѧ же ма́тери є҆гѡ̀ і҆едїда̀, дщѝ є҆де́ева, ѿ васꙋрѡ́ѳа.