1 Maccabees 11
Commentary from 1 father
And the king of Egypt gathered together a great host, like the sand that lieth upon the sea shore, and many ships, and went about through deceit to get Alexander’s kingdom, and join it to his own.
ΚΑΙ ὁ βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου ἤθροισε δυνάμεις πολλὰς ὡς τὴν ἄμμον τὴν περὶ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ πλοῖα πολλὰ καὶ ἐζήτησε κατακρατῆσαι τῆς βασιλείας ᾿Αλεξάνδρου δόλῳ καὶ προσθεῖναι αὐτὴν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ.
И҆ ца́рь є҆гѵ́петскїй собра̀ си́лꙋ мно́гꙋ а҆́ки песо́къ, и҆́же вскра́й мо́рѧ, и҆ корабли̑ мнѡ́ги: и҆ и҆ска́ше ѡ҆блада́ти ца́рство а҆леѯа́ндрово ле́стїю и҆ приложи́ти є҆̀ къ ца́рствꙋ своемꙋ̀.
Whereupon he took his journey into Syria in peaceable manner, so as they of the cities opened unto him, and met him: for king Alexander had commanded them so to do, because he was his brother in law.
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Συρίαν λόγοις εἰρηνικοῖς, καὶ ἤνοιγον αὐτῷ οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων καὶ συνήντων αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἐντολὴ ἦν ᾿Αλεξάνδρου τοῦ βασιλέως συναντᾶν αὐτῷ διὰ τὸ πενθερὸν αὐτοῦ εἶναι.
И҆ и҆зы́де въ сѷрі́ю словесы̀ ми́рными, и҆ ѿверза́хꙋ є҆мꙋ̀ и҆̀же ѿ градѡ́въ и҆ срѣта́хꙋ є҆го̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ за́повѣдь бѣ̀ а҆леѯа́ндра царѧ̀ срѣта́ти є҆го̀, занѐ бѧ́ше те́сть є҆гѡ̀.
Now as Ptolemee entered into the cities, he set in every one of them a garrison of soldiers to keep it.
ὡς δὲ εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς τὰς πόλεις ὁ Πτολεμαῖος, ἀπέτασσε τὰς δυνάμεις φρουρὰν ἐν ἑκάστῃ πόλει.
Є҆гда́ же вхожда́ше во гра́ды, птоломе́й поставлѧ́ше си̑лы на стра́жꙋ въ ко́емждо гра́дѣ.
And when he came near to Azotus, they shewed him the temple of Dagon that was burnt, and Azotus and the suburbs thereof that were destroyed, and the bodies that were cast abroad and them that he had burnt in the battle; for they had made heaps of them by the way where he should pass.
ὡς δὲ ἤγγισεν ᾿Αζώτου, ἔδειξαν αὐτῷ τὸ ἱερὸν Δαγὼν ἐμπεπυρισμένον καὶ ῎Αζωτον καὶ τὰ περιπόλια αὐτῆς καθῃρημένα καὶ τὰ σώματα ἐρριμμένα καὶ τοὺς ἐμπεπυρισμένους, οὓς ἐνεπύρισεν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ· ἐποίησαν γὰρ θημωνίας αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ.
Є҆гда́ же прибли́жисѧ ко а҆зѡ́тꙋ, показа́ша є҆мꙋ̀ ка́пище дагѡ́ново сожже́но, и҆ а҆зѡ́тъ и҆ ѡ҆крє́стныѧ гра́ды є҆гѡ̀ разорє́ны, и҆ тѣлеса̀ пове́ржєна, и҆ побїе́ныхъ, и҆̀хже побѝ во бра́ни: смета́ша бо ѧ҆̀ въ кꙋ̑пы и҆́хъ при пꙋтѝ є҆гѡ̀.
Also they told the king whatsoever Jonathan had done, to the intent he might blame him: but the king held his peace.
καὶ διηγήσαντο τῷ βασιλεῖ ἃ ἐποίησεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν εἰς τὸ ψογίσαι αὐτόν· καὶ ἐσίγησεν ὁ βασιλεύς.
И҆ повѣ́даша царю̀, ꙗ҆̀же сотворѝ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ, є҆́же бы возненави́дѣти є҆го̀. и҆ ᲂу҆молча̀ ца́рь.
Then Jonathan met the king with great pomp at Joppa, where they saluted one another, and lodged.
καὶ συνήντησεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν τῷ βασιλεῖ εἰς ᾿Ιόππην μετὰ δόξης, καὶ ἠσπάσαντο ἀλλήλους καὶ ἐκοιμήθησαν ἐκεῖ.
И҆ срѣ́те і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ царѧ̀ во і҆ѻппі́и со сла́вою, и҆ цѣлова́ста дрꙋ́гъ дрꙋ́га и҆ почи́ста тꙋ̀.
Afterward Jonathan, when he had gone with the king to the river called Eleutherus, returned again to Jerusalem.
καὶ ἐπορεύθη ᾿Ιωνάθαν μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἕως τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ καλουμένου ᾿Ελευθέρου καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς ῾Ιερουσαλήμ.
И҆ и҆́де і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ со царе́мъ да́же до рѣкѝ нарица́емыѧ є҆леѵѳе́ра, и҆ возврати́сѧ во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мъ.
Whereupon he sent ambassadors unto king Demetrius, saying, Come, let us make a league betwixt us, and I will give thee my daughter whom Alexander hath, and thou shalt reign in thy father’s kingdom:
καὶ ἀπέστειλε πρέσβεις πρὸς Δημήτριον τὸν βασιλέα λέγων· δεῦρο συνθώμεθα πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς διαθήκην, καὶ δώσω σοι τὴν θυγατέρα μου, ἣν ἔχει ᾿Αλέξανδρος, καὶ βασιλεύσεις τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ πατρός σου·
И҆ посла̀ старѣ́йшинъ къ дими́трїю царю̀, глаго́лѧ: прїидѝ, соста́вимъ междꙋ̀ на́ма завѣ́тъ, и҆ да́мъ тебѣ̀ дще́рь мою̀, ю҆́же и҆́мать а҆леѯа́ндръ, и҆ ца́рствовати и҆́маши во ца́рствїи ѻ҆тца̀ твоегѡ̀:
For I repent that I gave my daughter unto him, for he sought to slay me.
μεταμεμέλημαι γὰρ δοὺς αὐτῷ τὴν θυγατέρα μου, ἐζήτησε γὰρ ἀποκτεῖναί με.
раска́ѧхсѧ бо да́въ є҆мꙋ̀ дще́рь мою̀, и҆ска́ше бо мѧ̀ ᲂу҆би́ти.
Thus did he slander him, because he was desirous of his kingdom.
καὶ ἐψόγισεν αὐτὸν χάριν τοῦ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὸν τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ·
И҆ похꙋ́ли є҆го̀ ра́ди похотѣ́нїѧ ца́рства є҆гѡ̀.
Wherefore he took his daughter from him, and gave her to Demetrius, and forsook Alexander, so that their hatred was openly known.
καὶ ἀφελόμενος αὐτοῦ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν τῷ Δημητρίῳ καὶ ἠλλοτριώθη τῷ ᾿Αλεξάνδρῳ καὶ ἐφάνη ἡ ἔχθρα αὐτῶν.
И҆ ѿѧ́въ дще́рь свою̀, дадѐ ю҆̀ дими́трїю и҆ ѿчꙋжди́сѧ ѿ а҆леѯа́ндра, и҆ ꙗ҆ви́сѧ вражда̀ и҆́хъ.
Then Ptolemee entered into Antioch, where he set two crowns upon his head, the crown of Asia, and of Egypt.
καὶ εἰσῆλθε Πτολεμαῖος εἰς ᾿Αντιόχειαν καὶ περιέθετο τὸ διάδημα τῆς ᾿Ασίας· καὶ περιέθετο δύο διαδήματα περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, τὸ τῆς ᾿Ασίας καὶ Αἰγύπτου.
И҆ вни́де птоломе́й во а҆нтїохі́ю и҆ возложѝ двѣ̀ дїади̑мы на главꙋ̀ свою̀, а҆сі́йскꙋю и҆ є҆гѵ́петскꙋю.
In the mean season was king Alexander in Cilicia, because those that dwelt in those parts had revolted from him.
᾿Αλέξανδρος δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἦν ἐν Κιλικίᾳ κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς ἐκείνους, ὅτι ἀπεστάτουν οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν τόπων ἐκείνων.
А҆леѯа́ндръ же ца́рь бѣ̀ въ кїлїкі́и во времена̀ ѡ҆́на, поне́же ѿмета́хꙋсѧ и҆̀же ѿ мѣ́стъ ѻ҆́ныхъ.
But when Alexander heard of this, he came to war against him: whereupon king Ptolemee brought forth his host, and met him with a mighty power, and put him to flight.
καὶ ἤκουσεν ᾿Αλέξανδρος καὶ ἦλθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν πολέμῳ. καὶ ἐξήγαγε Πτολεμαῖος τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ ἐν χειρὶ ἰσχυρᾷ καὶ ἐτροπώσατο αὐτόν.
И҆ слы́ша а҆леѯа́ндръ и҆ прїи́де на́нь бра́нїю: и҆ и҆зведѐ птоломе́й си́лꙋ, и҆ срѣ́те є҆го̀ рꙋко́ю крѣ́пкою, и҆ прогна̀ є҆го̀.
So Alexander fled into Arabia there to be defended; but king Ptolemee was exalted:
καὶ ἔφυγεν ᾿Αλέξανδρος εἰς τὴν ᾿Αραβίαν τοῦ σκεπασθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ. ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς Πτολεμαῖος ὑψώθη.
И҆ побѣжѐ а҆леѯа́ндръ во а҆раві́ю защи́титисѧ та́мѡ: ца́рь же птоломе́й вознесе́сѧ.
For Zabdiel the Arabian took off Alexander’s head, and sent it unto Ptolemee.
καὶ ἀφεῖλε Ζαβδιὴλ ὁ ῎Αραψ τὴν κεφαλὴν ᾿Αλεξάνδρου καὶ ἀπέστειλε τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ.
И҆ ᲂу҆сѣ́кнꙋ завдїи́ль а҆раві́тинъ главꙋ̀ а҆леѯа́ндровꙋ и҆ посла̀ птоломе́ю.
King Ptolemee also died the third day after, and they that were in the strong holds were slain one of another.
καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Πτολεμαῖος ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, καὶ οἱ ὄντες ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασιν ἀπώλοντο ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασι.
И҆ ца́рь птоломе́й ᲂу҆́мре въ тре́тїй де́нь, и҆ сꙋ́щїи въ тверды́нехъ погибо́ша ѿ сꙋ́щихъ въ тверды́нехъ.
By this means Demetrius reigned in the hundred threescore and seventh year.
καὶ ἐβασίλευσε Δημήτριος ἔτους ἑβδόμου καὶ ἑξηκοστοῦ καὶ ἑκατοστοῦ.
И҆ воцари́сѧ дими́трїй въ лѣ́то сто̀ шестьдесѧ́тъ седмо́е.
At the same time Jonathan gathered together them that were in Judea to take the tower that was in Jerusalem: and he made many engines of war against it.
᾿Εν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις συνήγαγεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ᾿Ιουδαίας τοῦ ἐκπολεμῆσαι τὴν ἄκραν τὴν ἐν ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν μηχανὰς πολλάς.
Во дни̑ ѡ҆́ны собра̀ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ сꙋ́щихъ ѿ і҆ꙋде́и, да вою́ютъ краегра́дїе, є҆́же во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мѣ, и҆ сотворѝ на ѻ҆́ное миха̑ны мнѡ́ги.
What does it mean that Jonathan attacks those who were in the Jerusalem citadel by means of those who are in Judea, if not that holy teachers attack the stubbornness of those who, relying on the exaltation and pride of their hearts, dare to resist the divine commandments? Against these he constructs many engines, because by various discipline and the diverse teaching of the Scriptures they strive to conquer them and to summon them to humility. But just as then certain men, enemies of their own people, wicked men, went to the king accusing Jonathan, so also now those who do not wish to accept ecclesiastical discipline hate those who try to take away their wickedness, accusing them before the powers of this world, so that they may turn them into hatred and stir up persecution against them; but they do not prevail, because God is their helper and protector, and has delivered them from all their tribulations.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesThen came ungodly persons, who hated their own people, went unto the king, and told him that Jonathan besieged the tower,
καὶ ἐπορεύθησάν τινες μισοῦντες τὸ ἔθνος αὐτῶν ἄνδρες παράνομοι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν αὐτῷ ὅτι ᾿Ιωνάθαν περικάθηται τὴν ἄκραν.
И҆ и҆до́ша нѣ́цыи ненави́дѧщїи ꙗ҆зы́ка и҆́хъ, мꙋ́жїе беззакѡ́нницы, ко царю̀ дими́трїю и҆ возвѣсти́ша є҆мꙋ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ ѡ҆бстои́тъ краегра́дїе.
Whereof when he heard, he was angry, and immediately removing, he came to Ptolemais, and wrote unto Jonathan, that he should not lay siege to the tower, but come and speak with him at Ptolemais in great haste.
καὶ ἀκούσας ὠργίσθη· ὡς δὲ ἤκουσεν, εὐθέως ἀναζεύξας ἦλθεν εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα καὶ ἔγραψεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν τοῦ μὴ περικαθῆσθαι τῇ ἄκρᾳ καὶ τοῦ ἀπαντῆσαι αὐτὸν αὐτῷ συμμίσγειν εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα τὴν ταχίστην.
И҆ слы́шавъ разгнѣ́васѧ: є҆гда́ же слы́ша, ско́рѡ прїи́де во птолемаі́дꙋ и҆ написа̀ ко і҆ѡнаѳа́нꙋ, да не ѡ҆бстои́тъ краегра́дїѧ, но да и҆́детъ во срѣ́тенїе є҆мꙋ̀ тща́тельнѡ во птолемаі́дꙋ, є҆́же бесѣ́довати съ ни́мъ.
Nevertheless Jonathan, when he heard this, commanded to besiege it still: and he chose certain of the elders of Israel and the priests, and put himself in peril;
ὡς δὲ ἤκουσεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν, ἐκέλευσε περικαθῆσθαι καὶ ἐπέλεξε τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ᾿Ισραὴλ καὶ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν τῷ κινδύνῳ·
Є҆гда́ же ᲂу҆слы́ша і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ, повелѣ̀ ѡ҆бстоѧ́ти, и҆ и҆збра̀ ѿ старѣ́йшинъ і҆и҃левыхъ и҆ і҆ере́євъ, и҆ вдаде́сѧ въ бѣ́дство:
And took silver and gold, and raiment, and divers presents besides, and went to Ptolemais unto the king, where he found favour in his sight.
καὶ λαβὼν ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον καὶ ἱματισμὸν καὶ ἕτερα ξένια πλείονα ἐπορεύθη πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα καὶ εὗρε χάριν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ.
и҆ взѧ́въ зла́то и҆ сребро̀ и҆ ри̑зы и҆ и҆́ны да́ры мнѡ́ги, и҆́де ко царю̀ во птолемаі́дꙋ и҆ ѡ҆брѣ́те благода́ть пред̾ ни́мъ.
And though certain ungodly men of the people had made complaints against him,
καὶ ἐνετύγχανον κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ τινες ἄνομοι τῶν ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους.
И҆ клевета́хꙋ на него̀ нѣ́цыи беззако́ннїи ѿ ꙗ҆зы́ка (є҆гѡ̀).
Yet the king entreated him as his predecessors had done before, and promoted him in the sight of all his friends,
καὶ ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεὺς καθὼς ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ οἱ πρὸ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὕψωσεν αὐτὸν ἐναντίον πάντων τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ,
И҆ сотворѝ є҆мꙋ̀ ца́рь, ꙗ҆́коже сотвори́ша є҆мꙋ̀, и҆̀же пре́жде є҆гѡ̀ бы́ша, и҆ возвы́си є҆го̀ пред̾ всѣ́ми дрꙋ̑ги свои́ми,
And confirmed him in the high priesthood, and in all the honours that he had before, and gave him preeminence among his chief friends.
καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτῷ τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα εἶχε τίμια τὸ πρότερον καὶ ἐποίησεν αὐτὸν τῶν πρώτων φίλων ἡγεῖσθαι.
и҆ поста́ви є҆го̀ нача́льника свѧще́нствꙋ, и҆ є҆ли̑ка и҆́на и҆мѣ́ѧше пре́жде честна̑ѧ, и҆ сотворѝ є҆го̀ въ пе́рвыхъ дрꙋзѣ́хъ бы́ти.
Then Jonathan desired the king, that he would make Judea free from tribute, as also the three governments, with the country of Samaria; and he promised him three hundred talents.
καὶ ἠξίωσεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν τὸν βασιλέα ποιῆσαι τὴν ᾿Ιουδαίαν ἀφορολόγητον καὶ τὰς τρεῖς τοπαρχίας καὶ τὴν Σαμαρεῖτιν καὶ ἐπηγγείλατο αὐτῷ τάλαντα τριακόσια.
И҆ молѝ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ царѧ̀ сотвори́ти і҆ꙋде́ю безда́ннꙋ, и҆ трѝ топа̑рхїи, и҆ самарі́ю, и҆ ѡ҆бѣща̀ є҆мꙋ̀ три́ста тала̑нтъ.
By "toparchies," that is, the leadership of villages or towns, he refers to those places which Demetrius added to Judea from the kingdom of Samaria, about which he relates in what follows, that is, Lydda and Ramatha. For Lydda is a city of Palestine situated on the shore of the great sea, and Ramatha is a city of Samaria, about which it is written in the Book of Kings (1 Kings 1). Therefore, by the right of friendship, King Demetrius, granting exemption to Jonathan, added the aforesaid cities to Judea, sending the assessment of tithes and taxes, and the tracts of saltworks, in which the production of salt was owed to the state; and likewise he forgave other debts which were imposed with royal pomp, and, in accordance with the agreement made with Jonathan, he remitted them all.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesSo the king consented, and wrote letters unto Jonathan of all these things after this manner:
καὶ εὐδόκησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ἔγραψε τῷ ᾿Ιωνάθαν ἐπιστολὰς περὶ πάντων τούτων ἐχούσας τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον·
И҆ ᲂу҆го́дно бы́сть царю̀, и҆ написа̀ і҆ѡнаѳа́нꙋ є҆пїстѡ́лїи ѡ҆ всѣ́хъ си́хъ, и҆мѣ́ющыѧ ѡ҆́бразъ сицевы́й:
King Demetrius unto his brother Jonathan, and unto the nation of the Jews, sendeth greeting:
«Βασιλεὺς Δημήτριος ᾿Ιωνάθαν τῷ ἀδελφῷ χαίρειν, καὶ ἔθνει ᾿Ιουδαίων.
ца́рь дими́трїй бра́тꙋ і҆ѡнаѳа́нꙋ ра́доватисѧ и҆ ꙗ҆зы́кꙋ і҆ꙋде́йскомꙋ:
We send you here a copy of the letter which we did write unto our cousin Lasthenes concerning you, that ye might see it.
τὸ ἀντίγραφον τῆς ἐπιστολῆς, ἧς ἐγράψαμεν Λασθένει τῷ συγγενεῖ ἡμῶν περὶ ὑμῶν, γεγράφαμεν καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὅπως εἰδῆτε.
списа́нїе є҆пїсто́лїи, ю҆́же писа́хомъ ласѳе́нꙋ сро́дникꙋ на́шемꙋ ѡ҆ ва́съ, писа́хомъ и҆ къ ва́мъ, да вѣ́сте:
King Demetrius unto his father Lasthenes sendeth greeting:
βασιλεὺς Δημήτριος Λασθένει τῷ πατρὶ χαίρειν.
ца́рь дими́трїй ласѳе́нꙋ ѻ҆тцꙋ̀ ра́доватисѧ:
We are determined to do good to the people of the Jews, who are our friends, and keep covenants with us, because of their good will toward us.
τῷ ἔθνει τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων φίλοις ἡμῶν καὶ συντηροῦσι τὰ πρὸς ἡμᾶς δίκαια ἐκρίναμεν ἀγαθοποιῆσαι χάριν τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐνοίας πρὸς ἡμᾶς.
ꙗ҆зы́кꙋ і҆ꙋде́йскꙋ дрꙋгѡ́мъ на́шымъ и҆ сохранѧ́ющымъ ꙗ҆̀же къ на́мъ пра́вєднаѧ сꙋди́хомъ благосотвори́ти, ра́ди благопрїѧ́тства и҆́хъ къ на́мъ:
Wherefore we have ratified unto them the borders of Judea, with the three governments of Apherema and Lydda and Ramathem, that are added unto Judea from the country of Samaria, and all things appertaining unto them, for all such as do sacrifice in Jerusalem, instead of the payments which the king received of them yearly aforetime out of the fruits of the earth and of trees.
ἑστάκαμεν οὖν αὐτοῖς τά τε ὅρια τῆς ᾿Ιουδαίας καὶ τοὺς τρεῖς νομούς, ᾿Αφαίρεμα καὶ Λύδδαν καὶ Ῥαμαθέμ, οἵτινες προσετέθησαν τῇ ᾿Ιουδαίᾳ ἀπὸ τῆς Σαμαρείτιδος, καὶ πάντα τὰ συγκυροῦντα αὐτοῖς πᾶσι τοῖς θυσιάζουσιν εἰς ῾Ιεροσόλυμα, ἀντὶ τῶν βασιλικῶν, ὧν ἐλάμβανεν ὁ βασιλεὺς παρ᾿ αὐτῶν τὸ πρότερον κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν γεννημάτων τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκροδρύων.
ᲂу҆ста́вихомъ ᲂу҆̀бо и҆̀мъ предѣ́лы і҆ꙋдє́йскїѧ и҆ трѝ страны̑, а҆фере́мꙋ, лѵ́ддꙋ и҆ рамаѳе́мъ, и҆̀же приложи́шасѧ і҆ꙋде́и ѿ самарі́и, и҆ всѧ̑ надлєжа́щаѧ къ ни̑мъ, всѣ̑мъ жрꙋ́щымъ во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мѣ, вмѣ́стѡ ца́рскихъ, и҆̀хже взима́ше ца́рь ѿ ни́хъ пе́рвѣе на всѧ́ко лѣ́то ѿ жи̑тъ землѝ и҆ ѿ ѻ҆воще́й древе́сныхъ,
And as for other things that belong unto us, of the tithes and customs pertaining unto us, as also the saltpits, and the crown taxes, which are due unto us, we discharge them of them all for their relief.
καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ ἀνήκοντα ἡμῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν τῶν δεκατῶν καὶ τῶν τελῶν τῶν ἀνηκόντων ἡμῖν καὶ τὰς τοῦ ἁλὸς λίμνας καὶ τοὺς ἀνήκοντας ἡμῖν στεφάνους, πάντα ἐπαρκῶς παρίεμεν αὐτοῖς.
и҆ и҆́на надлєжа́щаѧ на́мъ ѿнн҃ѣ десѧти́нъ и҆ да́ней надлежа́щихъ на́мъ, и҆ со́ли точи̑ла, и҆ принадлежа́щихъ на́мъ вѣнцє́въ,
And nothing hereof shall be revoked from this time forth for ever.
καὶ οὐκ ἀθετηθήσεται οὐδὲ ἓν τούτων ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν καὶ εἰς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον.
всѧ̑ ще́дрѡ ѡ҆ставлѧ́емъ и҆̀мъ, и҆ ничто́же ѿ си́хъ ѿи́метсѧ ѿнн҃ѣ и҆ въ вѣ́чное вре́мѧ:
Now therefore see that thou make a copy of these things, and let it be delivered unto Jonathan, and set upon the holy mount in a conspicuous place.
νῦν οὖν ἐπιμέλεσθε τοῦ ποιῆσαι τούτων ἀντίγραφον καὶ δοθήτω ᾿Ιωνάθαν καὶ τεθήτω ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ ἁγίῳ ἐν τόπῳ ἐπισήμῳ».
нн҃ѣ ᲂу҆̀бо прилѣжи́те сотвори́ти си́хъ списа́нїе, и҆ да да́стсѧ і҆ѡнаѳа́нꙋ и҆ да положи́тсѧ въ горѣ̀ ст҃ѣ́й въ мѣ́стѣ че́стнѣ.
After this, when king Demetrius saw that the land was quiet before him, and that no resistance was made against him, he sent away all his forces, every one to his own place, except certain bands of strangers, whom he had gathered from the isles of the heathen: wherefore all the forces of his fathers hated him.
Καὶ εἶδε Δημήτριος ὁ βασιλεὺς ὅτι ἡσύχασεν ἡ γῆ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ ἀνθειστήκει, καὶ ἀπέλυσε πάσας τὰς δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ ἕκαστον εἰς τὸν ἴδιον τόπον, πλὴν τῶν ξένων δυνάμεων, ὧν ἐξενολόγησεν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων τῶν ἐθνῶν· καὶ ἤχθραναν αὐτῷ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ.
И҆ ви́дѣ дими́трїй ца́рь, ꙗ҆́кѡ ᲂу҆тиши́сѧ землѧ̀ пред̾ ни́мъ, и҆ ничто̀ є҆мꙋ̀ проти́витсѧ, и҆ ѿпꙋстѝ всѧ̑ вѡ́и своѧ̑ коего́ждо въ мѣ́сто своѐ, кромѣ̀ чꙋжди́хъ си́лъ, и҆̀хже собра̀ ѿ ѻ҆стровѡ́въ ꙗ҆зы́ческихъ, и҆ враждова́хꙋ є҆мꙋ̀ всѧ̑ си̑лы ѻ҆тцє́въ є҆гѡ̀.
Moreover there was one Tryphon, that had been of Alexander’s part afore, who, seeing that all the host murmured against Demetrius, went to Simalcue the Arabian that brought up Antiochus the young son of Alexander,
Τρύφων δὲ ἦν τῶν παρὰ ᾿Αλέξάνδρου τὸ πρότερον καὶ εἶδεν ὅτι πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις καταγογγύζουσι τοῦ Δημητρίου, καὶ ἐπορεύθη πρὸς Εἰμαλκουαὶ τὸν ῎Αραβα, ὃς ἔτρεφε τὸν ᾿Αντίοχον τὸ παιδάριον τὸ τοῦ ᾿Αλεξάνδρου.
Трѵ́фѡнъ же бѣ̀ ѿ а҆леѯа́ндровыхъ пе́рвѣе, и҆ ви́дѣ, ꙗ҆́кѡ всѧ̑ си́лы ро́пщꙋтъ на дими́трїа, и҆ и҆́де ко є҆малкꙋ́ю а҆раві́тинꙋ, и҆́же воспита̀ а҆нтїо́ха дѣ́тище а҆леѯа́ндрово:
But how Demetrius came to experience the hatred of his own army Pompeius Trogus shows, saying: "After recovering his father's kingdom, Demetrius himself, corrupted by the success of his affairs, slipped in his youthful vices into laziness, and he experienced among all people as much contempt as his father had previously drawn upon himself in hatred through his arrogance. And so, when cities everywhere were breaking away from his rule, he resolved to wage war on the Parthians in order to wipe out the stain of his laziness. The peoples of the East were not unwilling to see his arrival because of the cruelty of Arsaces, king of the Parthians, and because, being accustomed to the ancient empire of the Macedonians, they bore with anger the arrogance of the new rulers. Therefore, when he was aided by the support of the Persians and other neighboring peoples, he moved the Parthians, laying waste to them in many battles. At last, however, being deceived under the hoax of peace, he was captured and led through the streets of the cities to the peoples who had deserted him, and he was displayed as a mockery of misplaced favor; then he was sent into Hyrcania, where he was treated kindly and maintained according to his former rank."
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesAnd lay sore upon him to deliver him this young Antiochus, that he might reign in his father’s stead: he told him therefore all that Demetrius had done, and how his men of war were at enmity with him, and there he remained a long season.
καὶ προσήδρευεν αὐτῷ, ὅπως παραδοῖ αὐτὸν αὐτῷ, ὅπως βασιλεύσῃ ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτῷ ὅσα συνετέλεσε Δημήτριος καὶ τὴν ἔχθραν, ἣν ἐχθραίνουσιν αὐτῷ αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐκεῖ ἡμέρας πολλάς.
и҆ прилѣжа́ше є҆мꙋ̀, ꙗ҆́кѡ да да́стъ є҆мꙋ̀ є҆̀, да воцари́тъ вмѣ́стѡ ѻ҆тца̀ є҆гѡ̀: и҆ возвѣстѝ є҆мꙋ̀, є҆ли̑ка сотворѝ дими́трїй, и҆ враждꙋ̀, є҆́юже враждꙋ́ютъ на́нь си̑лы є҆гѡ̀, и҆ пребы́сть тꙋ̀ дни̑ мнѡ́ги.
In the mean time Jonathan sent unto king Demetrius, that he would cast those of the tower out of Jerusalem, and those also in the fortresses: for they fought against Israel.
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν πρὸς Δημήτριον τὸν βασιλέα, ἵνα ἐκβάλῃ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ἄκρας ἐξ ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ καὶ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασιν· ἦσαν γὰρ πολεμοῦντες τὸν ᾿Ισραήλ.
И҆ посла̀ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ ко дими́трїю царю̀, да и҆ждене́тъ сꙋ́щихъ во краегра́дїи и҆з̾ і҆ерⷭ҇ли́ма и҆ и҆̀же въ тверды́нехъ: бѧ́хꙋ бо вою́юще і҆и҃лѧ.
What does it mean that Jonathan asks King Demetrius to expel those who were in the citadel of Jerusalem and in the strongholds, who also were attacking Israel, while on the contrary Demetrius asks him for help against his enemies, if not that holy teachers request from the rulers of the nations and from all people the overthrow of error and pride, and they in turn similarly ask from the holy teachers the support of doctrine and prayer for overcoming spiritual enemies? For neither order is able rightly to bring to completion the effect of its ministry without the assistance of the other, since neither can the holy teachers obtain the merit of winning souls without the conversion and obedience of their subjects, nor can the subjects themselves merit salvation without the teaching and instruction of their masters; for each order, as has been said above, is strengthened by the other and enlightened by the other. Therefore Paul says to the Thessalonians: Then we live, if you stand firm in the Lord, because we rejoice on your account before our Lord: (1 Thess. 3:8) and to the Corinthians: We are, he says, your glory, just as you are ours on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ (2 Cor. 1:14).
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesSo Demetrius sent unto Jonathan, saying, I will not only do this for thee and thy people, but I will greatly honour thee and thy nation, if opportunity serve.
καὶ ἀπέστειλε Δημήτριος πρὸς ᾿Ιωνάθαν λέγων· οὐ μόνον ταῦτα ποιήσω σοι καὶ τῷ ἔθνει σου, ἀλλὰ δόξῃ δοξάσω σε καὶ τὸ ἔθνος σου, ἐὰν εὐκαιρίας τύχω.
И҆ посла̀ дими́трїй ко і҆ѡнаѳа́нꙋ глаго́лѧ: не то́кмѡ сїѧ̑ сотворю̀ тебѣ̀ и҆ ꙗ҆зы́кꙋ твоемꙋ̀, но и҆ сла́вою просла́влю тѧ̀ и҆ ꙗ҆зы́къ тво́й, а҆́ще благовре́менство полꙋчꙋ̀:
Now therefore thou shalt do well, if thou send me men to help me; for all my forces are gone from me.
νῦν οὖν ὀρθῶς ποιήσεις ἀποστείλας μοι ἄνδρας, οἳ συμμαχήσουσιν, ὅτι ἀπέστησαν πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις μου.
нн҃ѣ ᲂу҆̀бо пра́вѡ сотвори́ши, а҆́ще по́слеши мѝ мꙋже́й спобора́ющихъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ ѿстꙋпи́ша всѝ вѡ́и моѝ.
Upon this Jonathan sent him three thousand strong men unto Antioch: and when they came to the king, the king was very glad of their coming.
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν ἄνδρας τρισχιλίους δυνατοὺς ἰσχύϊ αὐτῷ εἰς ᾿Αντιόχειαν, καὶ ἤλθοσαν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, καὶ ηὐφράνθη ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τῇ ἐφόδῳ αὐτῶν.
И҆ посла̀ є҆мꙋ̀ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ трѝ ты́сѧщы мꙋже́й си́льныхъ крѣ́постїю во а҆нтїохі́ю, и҆ прїидо́ша ко царю̀, и҆ возвесели́сѧ ца́рь ѡ҆ прише́ствїи и҆́хъ.
Howbeit they that were of the city gathered themselves together into the midst of the city, to the number of an hundred and twenty thousand men, and would have slain the king.
καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως εἰς μέσον τῆς πόλεως εἰς ἀνδρῶν δώδεκα μυριάδας ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἠβούλοντο ἀνελεῖν τὸν βασιλέα.
И҆ собра́шасѧ и҆̀же ѿ гра́да въ среди́нꙋ гра́да сто̀ два́десѧть ты́сѧщъ мꙋже́й и҆ совѣща́хꙋсѧ ᲂу҆би́ти царѧ̀.
Wherefore the king fled into the court, but they of the city kept the passages of the city, and began to fight.
καὶ ἔφυγεν ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς τὴν αὐλήν, καὶ κατελάβοντο οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τὰς διόδους τῆς πόλεως καὶ ἤρξαντο πολεμεῖν.
И҆ бѣжа̀ ца́рь во дво́ръ, и҆ ѡ҆б̾ѧ́ша и҆̀же бѣ́хꙋ ѿ гра́да пꙋти̑ гра̑дскїѧ, и҆ нача́ша би́тисѧ.
Then the king called to the Jews for help, who came unto him all at once, and dispersing themselves through the city slew that day in the city to the number of an hundred thousand.
καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς ᾿Ιουδαίους ἐπὶ βοήθειαν, καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντες ἅμα καὶ διεσπάρησαν ἐν τῇ πόλει πάντες ἅμα καὶ ἀπέκτειναν ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ εἰς μυριάδας δέκα·
И҆ призва̀ ца́рь і҆ꙋдеѡ́въ на по́мощь, и҆ собра́шасѧ всѝ вкꙋ́пѣ къ немꙋ̀: и҆ расточи́шасѧ всѝ по гра́дꙋ,
Also they set fire on the city, and gat many spoils that day, and delivered the king.
καὶ ἐνεπύρισαν τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἐλάβοσαν σκῦλα πολλὰ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἔσωσαν τὸν βασιλέα.
и҆ ᲂу҆би́ша во гра́дѣ въ то́й де́нь сто̀ ты́сѧщъ мꙋже́й, и҆ сожго́ша гра́дъ, и҆ взѧ́ша коры̑сти мнѡ́ги во ѡ҆́нъ де́нь и҆ и҆зба́виша царѧ̀.
So when they of the city saw that the Jews had got the city as they would, their courage was abated: wherefore they made supplication to the king, and cried, saying,
καὶ εἶδον οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ὅτι κατεκράτησαν οἱ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι τῆς πόλεως ὡς ἠβούλοντο, καὶ ἠσθένησαν ταῖς διανοίαις αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκέκραξαν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα μετὰ δεήσεως λέγοντες·
И҆ ви́дѣша и҆̀же бѧ́хꙋ ѿ гра́да, ꙗ҆́кѡ ѡ҆держа́ша і҆ꙋде́є гра́дъ, ꙗ҆́коже хотѣ́ша, и҆ и҆знемого́ша мы́сльми свои́ми, и҆ возопи́ша ко царю̀ съ моле́нїемъ, глаго́люще:
That the Jews were gaining victory over their enemies and were compelling them to ask for peace and to give them their right hands signifies that the strength of the holy Church surpasses all its enemies; and whether it causes them, through a wholesome way of life, to yield, or justly punishes those who continue in their stubborn contempt, this is because it has received from its Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, the power to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and upon all the strength of the enemy (Luke 10:19), of which, speaking elsewhere in the Gospel to his apostle Peter, he says: You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it (Matt.16:18).
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesGrant us peace, and let the Jews cease from assaulting us and the city.
δὸς ἡμῖν δεξιὰς καὶ παυσάσθωσαν οἱ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι πολεμοῦντες ἡμᾶς καὶ τὴν πόλιν.
да́ждь на́мъ десни́цꙋ, и҆ да преста́нꙋтъ і҆ꙋде́є ра́товати на́съ и҆ гра́дъ.
With that they cast away their weapons, and made peace; and the Jews were honoured in the sight of the king, and in the sight of all that were in his realm; and they returned to Jerusalem, having great spoils.
καὶ ἔρριψαν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐποίησαν εἰρήνην καὶ ἐδοξάσθησαν οἱ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι ἐναντίον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν εἰς ῾Ιερουσαλὴμ ἔχοντες σκῦλα πολλά.
И҆ поверго́ша ѻ҆рꙋ̑жїѧ своѧ̑ и҆ сотвори́ша ми́ръ. И҆ просла́вишасѧ і҆ꙋде́є пред̾ царе́мъ и҆ пред̾ всѣ́ми и҆̀же во ца́рствїи є҆гѡ̀, и҆ возврати́шасѧ во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мъ и҆мѣ́юще коры̑сти мнѡ́ги.
Because the confessors of Christ appear glorious throughout the whole world, yet the holy men do not credit this glory to themselves, but to their King, that is, to God, the giver of all good things.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesThe Psalmist shows that he renders such thanks to God, saying: "I have proclaimed your righteousness in the great congregation; behold, I will not restrain my lips" (Ps. 40:9). Therefore in the Church all the faithful who bear the spoils of virtues return, so that they may give praise to God, since they credit the victory they have obtained not to their own strength, but to divine grace, saying with the Prophet: "Not to us, O Lord, not to us, but to your name give glory, for the sake of your mercy and your truth" (Ps. 115:1).
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesSo king Demetrius sat on the throne of his kingdom, and the land was quiet before him.
καὶ ἐκάθησε Δημήτριος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ θρόνου τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἡσύχασεν ἡ γῆ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ.
И҆ сѣ́де дими́трїй ца́рь на престо́лѣ ца́рства своегѡ̀, и҆ ᲂу҆поко́исѧ землѧ̀ пред̾ ни́мъ.
That Demetrius repaid Jonathan with evil for his benefits signifies carnal fools, who, when advice is given them for their salvation, do not repay their backers according to the benefits owed, but according to the wicked counsels of their hardened heart. For whatever is done for their advantage, they regard it entirely as harmful, and, stirred by the rod of envy, they choose to serve their own most wicked will.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesNevertheless he dissembled in all that ever he spake, and estranged himself from Jonathan, neither rewarded he him according to the benefits which he had received of him, but troubled him very sore.
καὶ ἐψεύσατο πάντα, ὅσα εἶπε, καὶ ἠλλοτριώθη τῷ ᾿Ιωνάθαν καὶ οὐκ ἀνταπέδωκε κατὰ τὰς εὐνοίας, ἃς ἀνταπέδωκεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἔθλιβεν αὐτὸν σφόδρα.
И҆ солга̀ всѧ̑ є҆ли̑ка речѐ, и҆ ѿчꙋжди́сѧ і҆ѡнаѳа́на, и҆ не воздадѐ є҆мꙋ̀ по благотворе́нїємъ, ꙗ҆̀же воздадѐ є҆мꙋ̀, и҆ ѡ҆скорбѝ є҆го̀ ѕѣлѡ̀.
After this returned Tryphon, and with him the young child Antiochus, who reigned, and was crowned.
Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀπέστρεψε Τρύφων καὶ ᾿Αντίοχος μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ παιδάριον νεώτερον· καὶ ἐβασίλευσε καὶ ἐπέθετο διάδημα.
По си́хъ же возврати́сѧ трѵ́фѡнъ и҆ а҆нтїо́хъ съ ни́мъ ѻ҆́трочищь ю҆́ный: и҆ воцари́сѧ и҆ возложѝ дїади́мꙋ.
Then there gathered unto him all the men of war, whom Demetrius had put away, and they fought against Demetrius, who turned his back and fled.
καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις, ἃς ἀπεσκόρπισε Δημήτριος, καὶ ἐπολέμησαν πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ἔφυγε καὶ ἐτροπώθη.
И҆ собра́шасѧ къ немꙋ̀ всѝ вѡ́и, и҆̀хже расточѝ дими́трїй, и҆ ра́товаша проти́вꙋ є҆гѡ̀, и҆ побѣжѐ и҆ побѣжде́нъ бы́сть.
Moreover Tryphon took the elephants, and won Antioch.
καὶ ἔλαβε Τρύφων τὰ θηρία καὶ κατεκράτησεν ᾿Αντιοχείας.
И҆ взѧ̀ трѵ́фѡнъ ѕвѣ̑ри и҆ ѡ҆держа̀ а҆нтїохі́ю.
At that time young Antiochus wrote unto Jonathan, saying, I confirm thee in the high priesthood, and appoint thee ruler over the four governments, and to be one of the king’s friends.
καὶ ἔγραψεν ᾿Αντίοχος ὁ νεώτερος τῷ ᾿Ιωνάθαν λέγων· ἵστημί σοι τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην καὶ καθίστημί σε ἐπὶ τῶν τεσσάρων νομῶν καὶ εἶναί σε τῶν φίλων τοῦ βασιλέως.
И҆ писа̀ а҆нтїо́хъ ю҆́ный і҆ѡнаѳа́нꙋ, глаго́лѧ: ᲂу҆ставлѧ́ю тебѣ̀ а҆рхїере́йство и҆ поставлѧ́ю тебѐ над̾ четы́рьми страна́ми, и҆ бꙋ́деши въ дрꙋзѣ́хъ ца́рскихъ.
Upon this he sent him golden vessels to be served in, and gave him leave to drink in gold, and to be clothed in purple, and to wear a golden buckle.
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτῷ χρυσώματα καὶ διακονίαν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἐξουσίαν πίνειν ἐν χρυσώμασι καὶ εἶναι ἐν πορφύρᾳ καὶ ἔχειν πόρπην χρυσῆν·
И҆ посла̀ є҆мꙋ̀ сосꙋ́ды златы̑ѧ и҆ слꙋже́нїе, и҆ дадѐ є҆мꙋ̀ вла́сть пи́ти и҆з̾ зла́та и҆ бы́ти въ порфѵ́рѣ и҆ и҆мѣ́ти гри́внꙋ зла́тꙋ.
His brother Simon also he made captain from the place called The ladder of Tyrus unto the borders of Egypt.
καὶ Σίμωνα τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ κατέστησε στρατηγὸν ἀπὸ τῆς κλίμακος Τύρου ἕως τῶν ὁρίων Αἰγύπτου.
И҆ сі́мѡна бра́та є҆гѡ̀ поста́ви воево́дою ѿ страны̀ тѵ́ра да́же до предѣ̑лъ є҆гѵ́пта.
Then Jonathan went forth, and passed through the cities beyond the water, and all the forces of Syria gathered themselves unto him for to help him: and when he came to Ascalon, they of the city met him honourably.
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν καὶ διεπορεύετο πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι, καὶ ἠθροίσθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις Συρίας εἰς συμμαχίαν, καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς ᾿Ασκάλωνα, καὶ ἀπήντησαν αὐτῷ οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐνδόξως.
И҆ и҆зы́де і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ и҆ прохожда́ше ѡ҆б̾ ѻ҆нꙋ̀ странꙋ̀ рѣкѝ и҆ во градѣ́хъ, и҆ собра́шасѧ къ немꙋ̀ всѧ̑ си̑лы сѵ̑рскїѧ въ по́мощь, и҆ прїи́де во а҆скалѡ́нъ, и҆ срѣто́ша є҆го̀ че́стнѡ ѿ гра́да.
By Jonathan's passing beyond the river we can understand the preaching of the word to those who have not yet been cleansed by the baptism of Christ, because holy preachers sometimes summon the Gentiles to sacred baptism, and sometimes stir up the faithful to the advancement of virtues. When therefore Jonathan returns across the river, the army of Syria comes to him as help, because when the apostles had passed over from the Jews to the preaching to the Gentiles, immediately many from among the Gentiles came to the faith and baptism of Christ, who were helpers to the holy preachers in the Gospel of God, so that they might lead pagans to belief. He went on to Ascalon, which is interpreted "suspended" or "shameful fire," and they came out from the city to meet him with honor. When those who had been serving worldly ambition heard the word of God from the holy preachers, they immediately, having abandoned worldly greed, hurried to the obedience of the Gospel.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesFrom whence he went to Gaza, but they of Gaza shut him out; wherefore he laid siege unto it, and burned the suburbs thereof with fire, and spoiled them.
καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Γάζαν, καὶ ἀπέκλεισαν οἱ ἀπὸ Γάζης, καὶ περιεκάθισε περὶ αὐτὴν καὶ ἐνεπύρισε τὰ περιπόλια αὐτῆς πυρὶ καὶ ἐσκύλευσεν αὐτά.
И҆ и҆́де ѿтꙋ́дꙋ въ га́зꙋ, и҆ заключи́шасѧ и҆̀же въ га́зѣ, и҆ ѡ҆бстоѧ́ше ю҆̀, и҆ пожжѐ ѡ҆крє́стныѧ гра́ды є҆ѧ̀ ѻ҆гне́мъ, и҆ плѣнѝ ѧ҆̀.
By Gaza, which is interpreted "strength," is signified the stubbornness of unbelievers, in which the deceived minds of the wicked are enclosed, because they do not consent to yield to the truth. Jonathan overwhelmed it and burned the cities around it, just as the teachers of Christ on every side pressure the faithless with the testimonies of Holy Scripture and, by defeating the schemes of their errors, lay them waste. Therefore the people of Gaza asked Jonathan to grant them right hands, and he received their sons as hostages, sending them to Jerusalem: when the stubbornness of the proud has been overcome and they are no longer able to resist the truth for long, they beg the teachers of the Church to grant them the bonds of peace, and they hand over their sons to them as hostages, that is, the pledges of their erroneous faith, namely to renounce it and to submit in obedience, they promise this to the Church, so that a sure hope may be given that their way of life will be converted to the faith.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesAfterward, when they of Gaza made supplication unto Jonathan, he made peace with them, and took the sons of their chief men for hostages, and sent them to Jerusalem, and passed through the country unto Damascus.
καὶ ἠξίωσαν οἱ ἀπὸ Γάζης τὸν ᾿Ιωνάθαν, καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς δεξιὰς καὶ ἔλαβε τοὺς υἱοὺς ἀρχόντων αὐτῶν εἰς ὅμηρα καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς εἰς ῾Ιερουσαλήμ· καὶ διῆλθε τὴν χώραν ἕως Δαμασκοῦ.
И҆ моли́ша і҆ѡнаѳа́на и҆̀же ѿ га́зы, и҆ дадѐ и҆̀мъ десни́цꙋ, и҆ взѧ̀ сы́ны нача́льникѡвъ и҆́хъ въ зало́гъ, и҆ посла̀ и҆̀хъ во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мъ, и҆ про́йде странꙋ̀ да́же до дама́ска.
Now when Jonathan heard that Demetrius’ princes were come to Cades, which is in Galilee, with a great power, purposing to remove him out of the country,
καὶ ἤκουσεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν ὅτι παρῆσαν οἱ ἄρχοντες Δημητρίου εἰς Κάδης τὴν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ μετὰ δυνάμεως πολλῆς βουλόμενοι μεταστῆσαι αὐτὸν τῆς χρείας.
И҆ слы́ша і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ, ꙗ҆́кѡ сꙋ́ть нача̑льницы дими́трїєвы въ ка́дисѣ, и҆́же въ галїле́и, съ си́лою мно́гою, хотѧ́ще и҆зри́нꙋти є҆го̀ ѿ страны̀.
The leaders of Demetrius, who broke faith in Kadesh of Galilee, can not inappropriately be understood as secular powers, which, although they are counted among the faithful because of the catholic confession, this is what Kadesh, which is interpreted as "holy" or "changed," and Galilee, that is, "wandering made," express figuratively, often nevertheless devise deceit of this kind, denying the grace of the heavenly kingdom. Jonathan meets them, because it is necessary that the zeal of holy teachers confront such people, lest they carry out in deed the fraud which they plan in their hearts. Yet he left his brother Simon within the province so that he might protect it from within against the disrespect of unruly men: so also holy preachers, although they sometimes go forth to regulate the affairs of the world and to restrain the attacks of the undisciplined, nevertheless in no way cease to order the ministry of their life within the Church; but they always have there those who preserve regular discipline in all things, so that just as they are useful in externals, so they may be found wholesome everywhere.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesHe went to meet them, and left Simon his brother in the country.
καὶ συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς, τὸν δὲ ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ Σίμωνα κατέλιπεν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ.
И҆ срѣ́тесѧ съ ни́ми, бра́та же своего̀ сі́мѡна ѡ҆ста́ви во странѣ̀.
Then Simon encamped against Bethsura and fought against it a long season, and shut it up:
καὶ παρενέβαλε Σίμων ἐπὶ Βαιθσούρᾳ καὶ ἐπολέμει αὐτὴν ἡμέρας πολλὰς καὶ συνέκλεισεν αὐτήν.
И҆ ѡ҆полчи́сѧ сі́мѡнъ на веѳсꙋ́рꙋ, и҆ ра́товаша ю҆̀ дни̑ мнѡ́ги, и҆ заключѝ ю҆̀.
What is signified by Bethsura, if not the reading of the Holy Scriptures? For Bethsura is interpreted as "house of the strong," and the sacred Scripture can rightly be called the house of the strong, because there those who are strong and most heroic always dwell by speaking and acting well, they who, together with the Psalmist, meditate on the law of the Lord day and night (Ps. 1:2). For in this house at times heretics seem falsely to dwell, when they are found to read the Scriptures but not at all to understand them. Therefore it is said that Simon besieged Bethsura for many days and captured the city and drove out the wicked inhabitants from it, and they placed a garrison there; because holy teachers have this chiefly as their endeavor and strive with all their might to overcome heretics, by destroying their false opinion and wresting the Scripture of the law of God from their hands. Placing a garrison in it, that is, devout examiners and meditators on divine wisdom, who strive to understand correctly and to set forth accordingly the divine word.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesBut they desired to have peace with him, which he granted them, and then put them out from thence, and took the city, and set a garrison in it.
καὶ ἠξίωσαν αὐτὸν τοῦ δεξιὰς λαβεῖν, καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς· καὶ ἐξέβαλεν αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖθεν καὶ κατελάβετο τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἔθετο ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ φρουράν.
И҆ проси́ша ᲂу҆ негѡ̀ десни́цꙋ прїѧ́ти, и҆ дадѐ и҆̀мъ, и҆ и҆згна̀ и҆̀хъ ѿтꙋ́дꙋ, и҆ взѧ̀ гра́дъ, и҆ поста́ви въ не́мъ стра́жꙋ.
As for Jonathan and his host, they pitched at the water of Gennesar, from whence betimes in the morning they gat them to the plain of Nasor.
καὶ ᾿Ιωνάθαν καὶ ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ παρενέβαλον ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ Γεννησάρ, καὶ ὤρθρισαν τὸ πρωΐ εἰς τὸ πεδίον Νασώρ.
І҆ѡнаѳа́нъ же и҆ по́лкъ є҆гѡ̀ прїидо́ша къ водѣ̀ генниса́ръ:
What does it mean that Jonathan pitched his camp by the water of Gennesar, except that the company of holy preachers, inflamed by the Spirit of God, prepares to oppose worldly waves in the persecutions of the faithful? They say that the lake of Gennesareth is the same as the Sea of Galilee. But the Sea of Tiberias takes its name from the nearby city, which was formerly called Gennessar, but rebuilt by Herod the Tetrarch and named Tiberias in honor of Tiberius Caesar. Moreover, Gennesar is named from the nature of the lake itself, since it is said that, with its rippling waters, it raises a breeze from itself for itself, and is therefore called in Greek "as if generating a breeze for itself." For the water is not spread out motionless in the manner of a pond, but is stirred by frequent blowing of winds, sweet to the taste and suitable for drinking. Yet, by the usage of the Hebrew language, every gathering of waters, whether fresh or salty, is called a sea. This lake, with the Jordan flowing through it, extends one hundred and sixty stadia in length and sixty in breadth. Since therefore the lake or sea represents the present age, our Jonathan, with his own men, hurries to resist the chaos of the world and strives to keep watch before dawn in the field of Asor; that is, he carefully takes heed to watch diligently against the ambushes of the Devil. For Asor is interpreted "arrow of light," and the Apostle, writing about the same apostate angel, says: "For Satan himself transforms himself into an angel of light" (2 Cor. 11:14). Therefore it is no wonder if his ministers are transformed as though they were ministers of righteousness. There foreigners, meeting them in the plain, lay ambushes in the mountains: because both evil spirits and perverse men, in the luxury or pride of this present life, or in worldly desires, strive to seduce whomsoever they can; against whom it is necessary that the soldiers of Christ run in opposition and fight bravely with them, lest perhaps they agree to their persuasions and be dissolved by pleasures and allurements. But when the battle was joined, all those who had been on Jonathan's side fled,
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesAnd, behold, the host of strangers met them in the plain, who, having laid men in ambush for him in the mountains, came themselves over against him.
καὶ ἰδοὺ παρεμβολὴ ἀλλοφύλων ἀπήντα αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ καὶ ἐξέβαλον ἔνεδρον ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἀπήντησαν ἐξεναντίας.
и҆ и҆до́ша ᲂу҆́трѡ ра́нѡ на по́ле насѡ́ръ, и҆ сѐ, по́лкъ и҆ноплеме́нникѡвъ срѣ́те є҆го̀ на по́ли, и҆ поста́виша на́нь лови́тельство въ гора́хъ, са́ми же срѣто́ша ѿсꙋпроти́вꙋ.
So when they that lay in ambush rose out of their places and joined battle, all that were of Jonathan’s side fled;
τὰ δὲ ἔνεδρα ἐξανέστησαν ἐκ τῶν τόπων αὐτῶν καὶ συνῆψαν πόλεμον. καὶ ἔφυγον οἱ παρὰ ᾿Ιωνάθαν πάντες,
Лови́телє же воста́ша ѿ мѣ́стъ свои́хъ и҆ соста́виша ра́ть,
Insomuch as there was not one of them left, except Mattathias the son of Absalom, and Judas the son of Calphi, the captains of the host.
οὐδὲ εἷς κατελείφθη ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν, πλὴν Ματταθίας ὁ τοῦ ᾿Αβεσσαλώμου καὶ ᾿Ιούδας ὁ τοῦ Χαλφὶ ἄρχοντες τῆς στρατιᾶς τῶν δυνάμεων.
и҆ побѣго́ша и҆̀же со і҆ѡнаѳа́номъ всѝ, и҆ ни є҆ди́нъ ѡ҆ста́сѧ ѿ ни́хъ, то́кмѡ маттаѳі́а сы́нъ а҆вессалѡ́мовъ, и҆ і҆ꙋ́да сы́нъ халфі́евъ, нача̑льницы во́инскихъ си́лъ.
commander of the army; because, sadly, many of the clergy are overthrown by ambition and the pleasures of this world. Therefore in the Gospel parable the Lord says (Luke 8:14) that the thorns which sprang up choked the crop, that is, riches and a life of pleasure choked the crop so that it did not bear fruit. Yet Mathathias, whose name is interpreted "gift of God," and Judas, that is, "one who confesses," stand firm with Jonathan, because those who are enlightened and strengthened by the gift of God, and by believing rightly and acting well are truly confessors of God, these persevere in the camps of the Church and press the enemy hard, until they crush him and restore again to their former camps their own men who had fled by yielding to the enemy. But let us see what Jonathan did when his soldiers turned to flight.
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesThen Jonathan rent his clothes, and cast earth upon his head, and prayed.
καὶ διέρρηξεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέθετο γῆν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ προσηύξατο.
И҆ растерза̀ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ ри̑зы своѧ̑, и҆ возложѝ зе́млю на главꙋ̀ свою̀, и҆ помоли́сѧ:
For therefore should the superiors and teachers of the Church act when they see their own hiding in battle and turning their backs to the enemies: to tear their garments, that is, to afflict the body with fasts and tears; and to put dirt on their head, that is, to recall to mind the frailty of the body, and to pray to the Lord for their own sins or those of the people, so that he who is almighty may work salvation for the weak and restore them to their former health. And therefore it is fitting to exhort each one to come to his senses from the snares of the Devil, who had been taken captive to his will, and to return to the Lord, and he will have mercy on him, and to our Lord, for he is rich in forgiving (Isa. 55:7).
Commentary on 1 MaccabeesAfterwards turning again to battle, he put them to flight, and so they ran away.
καὶ ὑπέστρεψε πρὸς αὐτοὺς πολέμῳ καὶ ἐτροπώσατο αὐτούς, καὶ ἔφυγον.
и҆ ѡ҆брати́сѧ на ни́хъ бра́нїю и҆ побѣдѝ и҆̀хъ, и҆ бѣго́ша.
Now when his own men that were fled saw this, they turned again unto him, and with him pursued them to Cades, even unto their own tents, and there they camped.
καὶ εἶδον οἱ φεύγοντες οἱ παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ ἐδίωκον μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἕως Κάδης ἕως τῆς παρεμβολῆς αὐτῶν καὶ παρενέβαλον ἐκεῖ.
И҆ ви́дѣша своѝ бѣжа́вшїи ѿ негѡ̀, и҆ ѡ҆брати́шасѧ къ немꙋ̀, и҆ гна́ша съ ни́мъ да́же до ка́диса, да́же до полка̀ и҆́хъ, и҆ ѡ҆полчи́шасѧ та́мѡ.
So there were slain of the heathen that day about three thousand men: but Jonathan returned to Jerusalem.
καὶ ἔπεσον ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ εἰς ἄνδρας τρισχιλίους. καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ᾿Ιωνάθαν εἰς ῾Ιερουσαλήμ.
И҆ падо́ша ѿ и҆ноплемє́нникъ въ де́нь то́й трѝ ты́сѧщы мꙋже́й. и҆ возврати́сѧ і҆ѡнаѳа́нъ во і҆ерⷭ҇ли́мъ.
Note that the foreigners are struck down in the number three, because through faith in the Holy Trinity all the enemies of the Church are crushed, overcome, and laid low; and the crowd of believers returns with its leader to the mystical Jerusalem, which is the mother of us all, so that there it may render thanks and praises to our God forever and unto ages of ages.
Commentary on 1 Maccabees
King Ptolemee therefore, having gotten the dominion of the cities by the sea unto Seleucia upon the sea coast, imagined wicked counsels against Alexander.
ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς Πτολεμαῖος ἐκυρίευσε τῶν πόλεων τῆς παραλίας ἕως Σελευκείας τῆς παραθαλασσίας καὶ διελογίζετο περὶ ᾿Αλεξάνδρου λογισμοὺς πονηρούς.
Ца́рь же птоломе́й ѡ҆госпо́дствова гра̑ды примо́рскими да́же до селеѵкі́и примо́рскїѧ и҆ размышлѧ́ше на а҆леѯа́ндра совѣ́ты лꙋка̑вы.
Ptolemy Euergetes, who reigned in Alexandria after Ptolemy Philometor, as the books of chronicles attest, gave his daughter in marriage to Alexander, son of Bala, king of Syria. Later, when hostility arose between himself and his son-in-law, he took her away and gave her in marriage to Demetrius, son of Demetrius, together with the kingdom he had taken from Alexander, which Scripture now seems to be recalling.
Commentary on 1 Maccabees